微波裂解稻壳制备活化炭的工艺研究

为了推动生物质产业链，进一步开发生物质能，从而充分有效地利用农林有机废弃物，通过微波裂解稻壳制得稻壳炭，用化学活化法制备高品质的活性炭。采用碱溶法(NaOH)除去稻壳炭中SiO2，固体碳通过化学活化法来制备高质量活性炭。选取活化剂质量比、浸渍时间、活化温度、活化时间4个因素，每个因素三水平，通过正交试验对最佳活化剂制备活性炭的工艺条件进行优化，提高稻壳的综合利用率。以碘吸附值为主要品质衡量指标。通过单因素和正交实验确定最佳活化工艺条件为以氢氧化钠作为活化剂，炭碱比为1:2，活化温度为700℃、活化时间为2 h，浸渍时间为24 h，稻壳活性炭的碘吸附值为965.22 mg/g，超过了净水用活性炭的国家二级品指标，而亚甲基蓝吸附值为148.50 mg/g，达到了净水用活性炭的国家一级品标准。

Research on Technology of Activated Carbon Preparation by Microwave Pyrolysis of Rice Hull

To promote biomass industry chain, and to develop biomass energy, so it can be fully effective use of forestry organic wastes. Rice hull carbon which is produced by microwave pyrolysis, this topic used it to produce high quality rice hull activation carbon through chemical activation method. Choose Alkali fusion （NaOH） to remove Si02 in the rice hull carbon, and solid carbon by chemical activation method to prepare high-quality activated carbon. Select activator quality ratio, dipping time, activation temperature activation temperature and activation time as effective factors, each factor has 3 levels, the process condition of producing activation carbon is optimized through orthogonal test. Iodine adsorption value is the foremost measurable indicators of quality. Determine the best activation conditions through single factor and orthogonal experiment. The best activation conditions indicated are as follows： aetivator-NaOH, carbon alkali ratio was 1：2, dipping time was 24 h, the activation temperature was 700℃, activation time was 2 h. According to the mensuration, rice hull activated carbon iodine adsorption value was 965.22 mg/g, and it exceeded the water purification using activated carbon National Second Grade indicators. Methylene blue adsorption value was 148.50 mg/g,and it reached the water purification using activated carbon National First Grade indicators.