不同施肥量对高原夏季青花菜产量、品质及养分吸收的影响

探索不同施肥量处理对高原夏菜的影响效应，以青花菜为试验材料，在大田条件下研究不同施肥量处理对青花菜产量、品质及养分吸收的影响，为甘肃省河西地区高原夏季青花菜制定合理施肥方案与优质高效生产提供理论依据。结果表明：氮肥是影响产量的关键因素，高氮处理的产量、花球紧实度和花球叶绿素含量比低氮处理高；而高氮和较高的氮、磷比例以及钾肥不足可导致青花菜硝酸盐含量增加、可溶性糖含量下降；施肥量过高或过低，都会使Vc含量降低。青花菜植株对氮、磷、钾的吸收以钾最多，氮次之，磷最少。相关性分析表明，青花菜植株内氮、钾含量与产量和花球叶绿素含量极显著正相关，磷含量与可溶性糖、Vc含量极显著正相关，说明充足的氮、磷、钾营养对青花菜产量与品质的提高具有重要意义。合理的氮磷钾配施可调控青花菜主要矿质养分的吸收与分配，促进叶片与花球中养分的积累，从而提高花球的产量与品质。

Effects of different treatments of fertilizer on yield, quality and nutrition absorption in plateau summer broccoli

This research was aimed to study the effects of different treatments of fertilizer on yield, quality, nutrition absorption in plateau summer broccoli, for develop a reasonable fertilization scheme and provide a theoretical basis for high quality and efficiency production of plateau summer broccoli of Hexi area of Gansu Province. The field experiments showed that the key factor affecting yield was nitrogen, the yield, tight degree and chlorophyll content of high nitrogen treatment was more than low nitrogen treatment＇ s. The nitrate content was improved while soluble sugar content was declined because of the high nitrogen treatment, the higher ratio of nitrogen and phosphorus and the shortage of potassium. The Vc content of curd was dropped for too high or too low fertilizer amount. Broccoli absorbed potassium most, followed by nitrogen, and phosphorus at least. Correlation analysis revealed that the yield and chlorophyll content of curd were significantly correlated with N, K content in plant, the soluble sugar and Vc content of curd were significantly correlated with P in plant, which indicated adequate nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrition ＇were important to the improvement of yieldand quality in broccoli. Reasonable matching of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium can control the absorption and distribution of broccoli＇ s main mineral nutrient, facilitate the accumulation of nutrition about leaves and curd, and improve yield and quality of curd.