重庆地区稻田杂草安全高效防控技术与建议

重庆地区稻田杂草有33种,分属22个科,其中以莎草科和禾本科杂草种类最多.稻田优势杂草与耕地制度及栽培方式密切相关.冬季囤水田以牛毛毡、空心莲子草、异型莎草、野慈姑和浮萍为多；稻-油轮作田以猪殃殃、牛筋草、繁缕、看麦娘为多.根据稻田耕作类型科学施用有针对性的除草剂,并实行年度更换,以减少除草剂残留和杂草抗药性的产生；改进收割机械,加强适宜机收的水稻新品种选育,以减轻机械收获稻谷带来的落粒越年生秧苗防除难题.

Technique and Suggestion for Safe and Efficient Control of the Paddy Field Weeds in Chongqing area

There are 33 weed species,which belong to 22 families distributed in rice field of Chongqing region. The predominant species are Cyperaceae and Gramineae. The predominant weeds occurrence is closely related to the native farming system and cultivation pattern. Heleocharis yokoscensis,Alternantheraphiloxeroides,Cyperus difformis,Sagittaria trifolia and Lemna minor are the predominant species in water hoarding in winter, while Galium aparine var. terterum, Eleusine indica ,SteUaria media and Alopecuru aequlis are the predominant species in the rotation field with rice and rape. Herbicide selection according to detail farming patturn and herbicides annual alternation should be can＇ied out in order to reduce her- bicide residues and herbicide resistance of weeds. Harvester improvement and screening of new rice variety suitable to the improved harvester is also an important approach to reduce the rice seeds shattering caused by mechanized harvest and avord controlling of the winter rice seedlings .