氮磷钾配施对新疆戈壁地滴灌克瑞森无核葡萄光合特性的影响

[目的]探计不同肥料施用量对于旱区戈壁滴灌克瑞森无核葡萄光合特性的影响。[方法]在滴灌争件下，通过“3414”配方施肥处理，以戈壁地5年生的克瑞森无核葡萄为试材，研究了氮磷钾肥对其光合特性的影响以及结果枝果穗以上第1～9叶位光合特性的变化规律。[结果]氮磷钾肥对葡萄叶片净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、细胞间CO2浓度均有调节作用。氮素水平从低氮到中氮，净光合速率和蒸腾速率随着增大，但从中氮到高氮，净光合速率和蒸腾速率下降；磷肥对葡萄光合速率的影响不明显；而随着钾肥水平的提高，净光合速率和蒸腾速率呈下降的趋势。另外，克瑞森无核葡萄结果枝第1—9叶位的净光合速率呈先升高后降低的趋势，并且果穗以上第4叶住净光合速率最大。[结论]为克瑞森无核葡萄在生产实践中采用氮磷钾合理配施技术，实现高产、优质和高效提供了参考依据。

Effect of the NPK Fertilization on the Photosynthesis of Crimson Seedless Grape Growth under the Condition of Dripping Irrigation in Xinjiang

[ Objective ] The effect of the different fertilization rate on the photosynthesis of seedless grape Crimson under the condition of dripping irrigation in arid desert area of Xinjiang was investigated. [ Method ] Under the condition of dripping irrigation, 5-year old variety grape Crimson in the desert land being used as experimental material and treated with ＂3414＂ formula fertilization, the effect of the NPK fertilization on the photosynthetic characteristics and the variation principle of the photosynthetic characteristics from the 1＂ to 9th leaf above the fruiting branch were studied. [ Results ] The NPK fertilization could play a role in the adjustment of the net photosynthetic rate, the transpiration rate, the stomatal conductance and the intercellular CO2 concentration of grape leaf. From low to middle nitrogen fertilization level, the net photosynthetic rate and the transpiration rate of leaf was increased with its increment; however, from middle to high nitrogen fertilization level, they were decreased with its increment. The phosphorus fertilization did not obviously affect the net photosynthetic rate of the grape and with the increment of potassium fertilization, the level of net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate showed a downward trend. In addition, net the photosynthetic rate at the 1 st to 9th leaf above the fruiting branch was firstly increased and then decreased, and the maximum of net photosynthetic rate appeared in the 4th leaf above the fruiting branch. [ Conclusion] The reference for the rational NPK fertilization for the high- yielding, good-quality and high efficiency seedless grape variety Crimson production was provided.