生物炭的结构及其理化特性研究回顾与展望

作为新兴技术,生物炭技术及其应用在近年发展迅速,但由于来源、材质、炭化工艺等存在较大差异,导致生物炭特性及应用效果千差万别,研究结果难以比对甚至相悖,在一定程度上阻碍了生物炭研究与应用的发展。为此,本文从制约生物炭功效发挥的关键因素,即生物炭的结构及理化特性入手,系统梳理了近年有关生物炭的定义、形成、结构、元素及其主要理化特性和调控技术等方面的研究进展,总结分析了生物炭结构及其理化特性的共性、差异性特征及规律,厘清了有关生物炭特性及功能的基本观点、现状和共识。认为,生物炭的结构及其理化特性是影响生物炭作用、功能及效果的最主要因素,决定了生物炭的应用领域、范围、量级、目标和方向,采用改性或优化调控技术是发挥生物炭功效优势、潜力与价值的关键。并从资源与环境的"循环、可持续"发展角度,结合生物炭研究与应用实际,探讨了未来有关生物炭理化特性研究的基本原则和方向,旨在为生物炭基础科学研究与应用技术发展提供基础和参考。

Review of biochar structure and physicochemical properties

As a new emerging technology,biochar and its applications have been rapidly developed in recent years.However,due to large differences in carbonization materials and processes,it is difficult to compare or even contrast the results of biochar application studies,thus hindering the development of biochar applications to some extent.For this reason,our paper focuses on the key factors restricted the function of biochar,namely,the structure as well as physical and chemical properties of biochar,and then systematically presents the main research advances in recent years from the following perspectives of biochar such as definition,formation,structure,elemental composition,and other main physical-chemical properties,and property controlling-technologies.The paper analyses and summarizes the common and differential characteristics of biochar structure and physical and chemical properties and clarifies the relevant basic perspectives,statuses,trends,and consensus on the structure and properties of biochar.The structure and fundamental physical and chemical properties of biochar are believed to be the most important factors affecting the roles,function,and effects of biochar.They also determine the application field,scope,amount,objective,and direction of biochar.Therefore,the modification technology or optimal regulation technique is the key to develop the efficacy advantage,potential and values of biochar.By further combining the research and application of biochar,the basic principles and development directions of biochar physicochemical property research in the future focusing on the physical and chemical properties of biochar are evaluated from cycle and sustainable development of resources and material perspectives.This paper aims to provide the basis and reference for the development of basic scientific science and application technology studies on biochar.