不同基因型彩色马铃薯水分适应性研究

以7个彩色马铃薯品种(系)为材料,分析雨养、补充灌溉(滴灌)2种水分条件下马铃薯产量与生理特性变化,明确不同品种(系)适应性,以期为选择适宜于不同水分条件的彩色马铃薯品种提供依据。结果表明:雨养条件下,品系CQB1540和CQP1505的产量、单薯质量、商品薯率、水分利用效率较高。补充灌溉条件下铃田红彩和CQB1508的产量、水分利用效率较高,CQB1540、CQP1514次之;铃田红彩、CQB1540的单薯质量较高,CQB1508单株块茎数较高。因此,品系CQP1505在旱地条件下适应性较好,产量高;品种(系)铃田红彩、CQB1508在水地适应性好,产量高;而品系CQB1540既适宜于水地,也适宜于旱地,表现出较好的水分适应性。对不同品种生理特性的研究发现,雨养条件下,品系CQB1540、CQP1505与其余品种相比,叶片绝对含水量、可溶性蛋白质量分数、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性在块茎形成期、块茎膨大期、淀粉积累期处于中等较高水平,而丙二醛(MDA)质量摩尔浓度在3个时期均处于中等较低水平。补充灌溉条件下产量较高的品种(系)铃田红彩、CQB1508、CQB1540与其余品种相比,叶片绝对含水量、可溶性蛋白质量分数、SOD活性在3个时期处于中等较高水平,而MDA质量摩尔浓度在3个时期均处于较低水平。综合产量与生理特性研究结果可见,在不同水分条件下,产量相对较高的彩色马铃薯品种主要通过较高的叶片绝对含水量、可溶性蛋白质量分数、SOD活性以及较低水平的MDA质量摩尔浓度来维持细胞的正常代谢,增强抗逆性。

Study on Water Adaptability of Different Genotypes Color Potato

Seven pigment potato varieties were used to identify the water adaptability of different potato varieties. The yield and physiological properties of potatoes in two different water conditions, including rain-fed and drop irrigation conditions, were analyzed to provide theoretical basis for cultivar selection which adapts to different water conditions. Under rain-fed conditions, the output, single tuber mass, marketable tuber percentage and water use efficiency (WUE) of CQB1540 and CQP1505 were higher than the others. However, the yield and WUE of Lingtianhongcai and CQB1508 were the highest under irrigation conditions, followed by CQB1540 and CQP1514. Lingtianhongcai and CQB1540 showed higher single tuber mass depending on supplementary irrigation, and meanwhile the tuber set per plant of CQB1508 was relatively higher. Results indicated that CQP1505 carried drought adaptability and high productivity; Lingtianhongcai and CQB1508 adapted irrigated land with higher yield. Whereas potato line, CQB1540, performed increased water adaptability both in irrigated land and dry land. Study on variety physiological property showed CQB1540 and CQP1505 kept the leaf absolute water molality, soluble protein mass fraction and SOD activity with relatively medium or high level during tuber initiation, bulking and starch accumulation stage while MDA molality remained on medium or lower level. Under supplementary irrigation, color potatoes with higher yield, including Lingtianhongcai,CQB1508 and CQB1540, showed medium or high level of leaf absolute water mass fraction, soluble protein mass fraction and SOD activity, and low MDA molality during these three stages. In conclusion, cellular metabolism was kept at normal level by keeping high level of leaf absolute water mass fraction, soluble protein mass fraction, SOD activity and low level of MDA molality to achieve high yield and stress tolerance.