REDD+机制各缔约方观点总结分析及我国对策建议

减少发展中国家毁林及森林退化引起的温室气体排放, 森林保护、可持续森林管理和增加森林碳储量(REDD+)在减缓气候变化行动中的作用越来越明显, 已经成为《联合国气候变化框架公约》谈判的重要议题。近年来各缔约方针对方法学、融资机制和REDD+与清洁发展机制(CDM)关系的谈判争论越来越激烈。在《联合国气候变化框架公约》第18次缔约方会议(COP18)期间, 对REDD+议题提出了新的要求, 除了有关于逐步建立国家水平森林参考排放水平或参考水平等有关方法学的技术与科学问题外, 基金在融资机制中的作用和非碳效益支付议题也有待进行深入的磋商。文中基于对各缔约方提案的分析结果和REDD+示范项目开展情况, 结合我国森林资源现状, 分析了REDD+机制对我国可能产生的影响并提出后续谈判期的对策建议。

A Review and Analysis on Opinions of Parties on REDD+ and China's Countermeasures

In order to reduce emissions from deforestation and forest degradation in developing countries, the role of forest conservation, sustainable forest management, and increase in forest carbon storage (REDD+) has become larger in climate change mitigation actions and also presents as an important issue in United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change(UNFCCC). Various parties have delivered proposals on REDD+ about methodologies, financing mechanism, and the relationship between REDD+ and CDM. The 18th Conference of Parties (COP18) under UNFCCC brought up new demands of REDD+. The issues about national forest reference emission level or forest reference level, the role of funds in financing mechanism and non-carbon benefits needs further discussions. Based on introduction and analysis of the proposals from Parties, the situation of REDD+ demonstration projects and China's forest resource, possible influences of REDD+ actions on China were analyzed and the responding suggestions were presented for the future international climate negotiations.