中国地方蛋鸭品种动态保种状态的研究

通过调查我国11个地方蛋鸭品种的保存现状,发现文登黑鸭已经濒临灭绝,其他10个蛋鸭品种均处于正常保种状态。筛选28个多态性较好的微卫星标记检测了我国10个地方蛋鸭品种的遗传多样性。利用等位基因频率计算出各群体的平均遗传杂合度(H)、多态信息含量(PIC)和群体间的遗传距离(Ds)。结果表明,10个蛋鸭品种中,平均杂合度范围是0.514～0.617,杂合度均较高,最高的是三穗鸭(0.617),最低的是金定鸭(0.514);多态信息含量最高是三穗鸭(0.535),最低的是金定鸭(0.435);遗传距离用UPGMA法进行聚类分析,将10个蛋鸭品种聚为3类。根据调查结果及遗传多样性检测数据,分析了10个地方蛋鸭品种的保存状态,并提出保护建议。

Research on condition of conservation about Chinese indigenous egg-duck breeds

A survey of conservation actuality of 11 indigenous egg-duck breeds was carried out in this study. The results showed that Wendeng black duck had been close to extinct. The rest 10 egg-duck breeds were in the condition of normal conservation. Twenty-eight microsatellite markers with medium or high polymorphisms were selected to detect the genetic diversity of 10 egg-duck breeds. According to the allele frequencies of 28 micro-satellite sites, mean heterozygosity(H), polymorphism information content(PIC) and standard genetic distances(Ds) were calculated for each breed. The results showed that the mean heterozygosity range of 10 duck breeds was 0.514-0.617. The highest was in the Sansui (0.617), and the lowest was in the Jinding (0.514). The highest mean of polymorphism information content was in the Sansui (0.535), and the lowest was in the Jinding (0.435). According to the results of investigation and the detected data of genetic diversity, the situation of conservation was analyzed and the advice of conservation about the 10 indigenous egg-duck breeds were given.