国内外原料乳中金黄色葡萄球菌风险评估研究综述

近年来我国乳品消费量持续增加,乳品质量安全关乎着人们身体健康和生命安全.金黄色葡萄球菌及其肠毒素引起的乳品中毒事件时有发生,逐本求源地针对原料乳开展金黄色葡萄球菌风险评估研究是十分必要的.本文根据国际食品法典委员会拟定的微生物风险评估的原则和指导方针,从危害识别、危害特征描述、暴露评估、风险描述四方面综述了关于原料乳中金黄色葡萄球菌国内外风险评估的研究现状.通过国外成熟的定量风险评估案例,介绍关于原料乳中金黄色葡萄球菌定量风险评估的基本框架,提出未来应加强构建肠毒素预测模型,较为系统的对原料乳从牧场到餐桌进行全程监控和风险评估的建议.

Risk Assessment of Staphylococcus aureus in Raw Milk: A Review of Worldwide Research

In recent years, with the growth of dairy consumption, dairy quality and safety have become a matter concerning people’s health and safety. However, poisoning incidents often occurred because of dairy products contaminated by enterotoxin-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus. Thus risk assessment of Staphylococcus aureus is important for raw milk as the source of dairy products. Based on the principles and guidelines of the Codex Alimentarius Commission for microbial risk assessment, this paper reviews the studies in the field of risk assessment of Staphylococcus aureus in raw milk, including hazard identification, hazard characterization, exposure assessment and risk characterization. Through the mature cases of quantitative risk assessment, we introduce the basic framework for quantitative risk assessment of Staphylococcus aureus in raw milk and propose that more intensive studies are needed to construct a prediction model of enterotoxin and that systematic monitoring and microbial risk assessment of raw milk from pasture to table is necessary for providing basic information for safety monitoring and early warning security system of raw milk and dairy products.