土壤中兽用抗生素污染对水稻生长的影响

为了解农田土壤兽用抗生素污染对粮食作物水稻生长的潜在影响,选择我国养殖业中常用的抗生素之一土霉素作为目标化合物,试验研究了不同土霉素浓度水平对水稻苗期、生长期生长与产量的影响,探讨了水稻各器官中土霉素积累与土壤中土霉素浓度水平的关系。结果表明,土壤土霉素污染对水稻生长的影响主要发生在苗期,对地下部分的影响显著大于地上部分;苗期地下部生物量、根系活力、叶片叶绿素含量和氧化酶活性随浓度水平(30 mg·kg^-1以上)的升高而显著降低。苗期受到土霉素污染影响的水稻其影响一直可延续至整个生育期,表现在分蘖数降低、产量减少等。土霉素在水稻各器官中的积累量大小顺序:根系> 叶片> 茎秆> 籽粒。水稻对土壤中的土霉素富集能力较小,土霉素由根部向地上部分叶、茎、籽粒的迁移作用也较弱。考虑到当前农田土壤中土霉素污染水平一般较低(多在10 mg·kg^-1以下),且在谷物中土霉素积累水平较低,推断在目前农地土壤中土霉素污染水平下,其对水稻生长的直接危害相对较小。

Effects of Soil Veterinary Antibiotics Pollution on Rice Growth

To understand the potential effect of soil veterinary antibiotics pollution on the growth of rice, a main food crop in China, oxytetracycline which was used widely in livestock and poultry breeding was selected to test the effects of different levels of soil antibiotics pollution on growth and yield of rice plant at both seedling and growth periods. Relationship between oxytetracycline accumulated in different organs of rice plant and oxytetracycline pollution levels in the soil was characterized. The results showed that the effects of soil oxytetracycline pollution on rice growth mainly occurred at the seedling stage, and the effect on the underground part was obviously greater than the above-ground part of rice. Significant negative effects on biomass of the underground part of rice, root activity, and chlorophyll content and oxidase activity of the leave at the seedling stage were found when soil oxytetracycline pollution concentrations was over 30 mg·kg^-1. The consequence from the impact of soil oxytetracycline pollution on rice seedling could be extended to the whole growth period of the plant, which could reduce the number of tiller and rice yield. Oxytetracycline accumulated in various organs of rice plant was in the sequence of root> leaf> stem> grain. Rice roots had low capacity to uptake oxytetracycline from the soil, the transfer capacity of oxytetracycline from the roots to leaf, stem, and grain was also weak. Considering the low oxytetracycline pollution levels in most of current actual farmland soils (less than 10 mg·kg^-1) and lower accumulation character of oxytetracycline in the grain, it is thought that the direct damage of soil oxytetracycline pollution on rice production is small.