日本水稻生产发展变化及对我国的启示

社会经济的发展对稻米生产流通具有重要的影响。利用日本农林水产省的统计数据,分析了60年来日本水稻生产方式、劳动时间、消费流通渠道的变化,并结合目前我国稻米产业所处现状,探讨日本稻米产业发展对我国的启示。60年来,随着GDP的增长,日本水稻种植面积和水稻总产不断下降,得益于稻作技术的发展,水稻生产劳动时间显著缩短,且单产不断提高;随着人民生活水平的提高,稻米消费量不断下降,而民众对稻米品质的要求提高,日本优异的水稻品种资源奠定了其优良品质的基础;20世纪70年代以来,日本政府减少稻米统购统销数量,逐渐形成了以农协为主、直销为辅的稻米流通方式,极大提高了流通效率,新兴销售方式-电商等的出现又进一步提高了农户的种稻效益。近年来,我国水稻生产机械化程度逐步提高,稻米市场进一步开放,稻米产业发展正处于转型时期,少数已经达到比较好的水平,但大多数跟日本20世纪70-90年代时的稻米产业状况较相似。借鉴日本的稻米生产及流通方式的变化,我国应积极调整水稻生产方式,扩大水稻生产个体规模,加快水稻生产机械化进程,增加水稻生产公共基础设施建设,进一步引导优质稻发展,加强稻米品牌建设,实现产销对接。

Transition of Rice Production and Circulation in Japan

Development of social economic makes great effects on rice production and circulation, using the dada of Japanese Agricul-ture, Forestry and Fisheries Province to analyze the changing of rice production mode, labor time, rice circulation and consumption channels of Japan, and then exploring the enlightenment of rice industry developing in China. Over the past 60 years, with the growing of GDP, rice planting area and yield per year decreased constantly in Japan, benefiting from transition of rice planting technology, the labor time of rice production shorten significantly, and rice yield per unit area increased gradually. With the improvement of people's living standard, rice consumption is declining, but the public demand for rice quality improved, Japan's excellent rice varieties laid the foundation of good quality. Since the 1970 s, Japanese government reduced the quantity of rice unified purchase and sale, and now rice is maily selling through JA, farmer directly selling be the complementary way of rice in circulation. Which raised the efficiency of rice circulation, and the emergence new way such as electricity further improved the benefits of the farmers. In recent years, China gradually increased the mechanization degree of rice production, and the rice market further opened, rice industry is facing a new tran-sition, the current way of rice production and circulation is similar with Japan's rice industry situation in 1970s to 1990s. Reference from changing of the mode of production and circulation of Japan, China should actively adjust the way of rice production, expand the scale of rice production, speed up the process of rice production mechanization, increase public infrastructure construction of rice pro-duction, further guide the development of high quality rice, strengthen the construction of rice brand, make the direct connection of production and marketing.