盐碱和pH对鱼类生长和发育的影响

＂以渔改碱＂是开发利用我国约6.9×108km2低洼盐碱水域的有效途径。水体中的盐度过高会显著影响鱼类的渗透压调节、能量收支、生长发育、组织功能以及血浆电解质浓度等;碱度过高会引起＂碱病＂和多种异常生理、生化而迅速死亡。盐碱和pH对鱼类理化的影响还有协同作用,盐碱过高时对鱼产生联合毒性作用,pH值升高时同样也会加剧这种作用。本文综述了盐碱和pH对鱼类的理化影响、毒性作用等,探讨了鱼类在盐碱水中的生长机制,以期为盐碱水域的开发利用提供基础资料。

A Review of Effects of Saline-alkalinity and pH on Growth and Development in Fish

’Reduction of alkalinity via aquaculture’ is an effective approach to exploit 46 million hm2 saline-alkali waters in China.The osmotic pressure,energy budgets,growth and development,organization function,plasma electrolyte concentration and many others aspects in fish are influence by high salinity in the water,and the high alkalinity leads to "alkali disease" and various abnormal reactions of physiological,biochemical and behavioral,even quick death.Some synergistic effects of salinity,alkalinity and pH are found,and the higher concentration of saline-alkali than the normal values will result in synergistic toxicity in the fish,with the more synergistic effects with increase in pH values.The information on effects of salinity,alkalinity and pH on growth and development in fish is summarized,and the growth mechanism of fish in the saline-alkali waters is discussed in order to provide theoretical basis for the development and utilization of the low-lying saline-alkali waters.