基于水资源高效利用的农业种植结构及灌溉制度优化——以民勤灌区为例

在非充分灌溉条件下，为解决灌区内作物之间和单作物生育期内不同生育阶段的灌水配置问题，依据大系统递阶分析原理，建立了一个能同时优化作物灌溉制度、种植结构和灌溉定额的双层模型。模型第一层以作物相对产量最大为目标，采用动态规划，优化了作物灌溉制度；第二层以灌区内农业净效益最大为目标，采用非线性优化，优化了作物种植结构和灌溉定额。该模型应用范围较广，既能为政府部门提供宏观决策，又能为农民提供具体的灌水办法。以民勤灌区为例，优化结果表明，在75%保证率下比现状节水1.29亿m³，农业生产总值和净效益分别增加5.99，4.25亿元。

The Optimization of Agricultural Planting Structure and Irrigation System Based on the Efficient Use of Water Resources -A Case Study of Minqin

In order to solve the problem of allocating irrigation water between single-crop different growth stages during the growing and crops in an irrigation district,a double-layer model which can simultaneously optimize crop irrigation system,plant structure and irrigation quota was established based on principles of hierarchial analysis of large-scale systems under the condition of non-sufficient irrigation.The first layer model optimized single-crop irrigation system based on dynamic programming with the objec...