腾冲北海湿地动植物资源及其环境状况评价

云南腾冲北海湿地为中国西南唯一的高原火山堰塞湖,是云南省典型的高原自然永久性浅水湖和沼泽,景观独特,属"漂浮状苔草沼泽湿地"。在北海湿地16 29km2的狭小区域内,湿地植被类型丰富,物种多样性程度高,有重要的国家级水生保护植物5种、国家级保护树种达9种;28种鸟类被分别列入国家和全球的重要鸟类保护名录。由于过去不合理的"围湖造田"和过度的森林砍伐,加之外来有害物种的不断侵入,导致北海湿地生态系统功能降低,生物多样性流失严重,本文通过对北海湿地的资源与环境状况进行分析评价,提出了相应的保护措施与发展策略。

Assessment on the Resources and Environmental Situation of Plants and Animals in Beihai Wetland

With the unique landscape type of "the marsh wetland with floating lichen grasses", Tengchong Beihai Wetland is the only one upland volcanic dammed lake in the Southwest China and recognized as one of the 33 key national protected wetlands issued by the State Environmental Protection Administration due to its precious tourism resources and abundant species of fauna and flora with higher biodiversity richness. The unreasonable wetland development in past decades has resulted to the degradation of wetland eco-function and the losses of biodiversity; the strategies were proposed by the paper through the analysis and study on the resources and environment in Beihai Wetland.