从12S rRNA基因序列探讨麝类动物(Moschus)在新反刍下目中的系统学地位

测得梅花鹿(Cervus nippon)、坡鹿(Cervuse eldi)、原麝(Moschus moschiferus)和林麝(Moschus berezovskii)线粒体12S rRNA基因全序列,与GenBank中检索到的鼷鹿(Tragulus napu)、长颈鹿(Giraffa camelopardalis)和牛(Bos taurus)12S rRNA基因全序列比对后,以鼷鹿为外群,分别应用ME、ML、MP方法重建系统树,3种树拓扑结构一致.结果显示:①麝、鹿、牛、长颈鹿均各自为单系群;②新反刍下目各上科之间的12S rRNA基因序列分歧为11.6%～16.5%,麝与牛、鹿及长颈鹿的序列分歧(11.5%～13.7%)处于上科的分歧范围(差异不显著,P＞0.94).③麝作为一个单系进化,未与鹿成为姐妹群,而与牛聚为姐妹群(BCL:68%～86%).本研究结果支持Hamilton(1978b),Webb和Taylor(1980)将麝类作为新反刍下目中的麝上科,与鹿上科、牛上科和长颈鹿上科并列的观点.

Approach of the Phylogenetic Position for Muschus Animals within Ruminantia in Terms of 12S rDNA Gene

The complete 12S rRNA genes of Sika deer (Cervus nippon), Eldi deer(Cervus eldi), Siberian musk deer (Moschus moschiferus), Chinese forest musk deer (Moschus berezovskii) were sequenced (Accession No. AY184425, AY184428, AY184432, AY184433 ) and aligned with 12S rRNA gene sequences of Balabac chevrotain (Tragulus napu), giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis), cow (Bos taurus) retrieved from GenBank. Given Balabac chevrotain as outgroup, phylogenetic trees were restructured respectively by ME, ML and MP methods. The results showed that Cervini, Bovini, Giraffini and musk deer respectively formed robust monophyletic group, and divergences between musk deer and each of clades including Bovini (11.9%~12.2%), Cervini (11.5%~12.4%) and Giraffini (13.3%~13.7%) stood within the range of divergence among superfamilies (11.6%~16.5%) (nonsignificant difference, P>0.94). Musk deer became the sister group of Bovini (BCL:68%~86%) instead of Cervini. This article supported Hamilton (1978b), Webb and Taylor (1980) that musk deer be listed as an independent superfamily within Pecora.