大垄深耕整秆深还田对耐密玉米农艺性状及产量的影响

选用耐密玉米品种郑单958为材料,设置大垄深耕整秆深还田地膜覆盖(处理1)、大垄深耕地膜覆盖(处理2)、大垄无深耕无整秆深还田无地膜覆盖(对照)3个处理,探讨对耐密玉米的株高、叶片数、单株干物质积累、叶片叶绿素含量及产量的影响。结果表明,处理1、处理2与对照相比,株高差异不明显;拔节期、抽穗期、灌浆期单株叶面积、干物质积累、叶绿素含量及产量均有增加,且处理1高于处理2。与对照相比,处理1拔节期株高明显增高,抽穗期至灌浆期叶面积增加12.5%,拔节期至抽穗期单株干物质积累增加168%,灌浆期叶片叶绿素含量增加14.4%,产量增加12.3%。处理1为耐密玉米健壮生长提供了良好的土壤环境,在适宜密度及叶面积生长条件下,玉米个体生长健壮,群体结构合理,干物质积累增加,植株的源流库呈现出源足、流畅、库满态势,增加了耐密玉米的穗行数、穗粒数及穗粒重,从而增加了产量。

Effects of Broad Ridge with Deep Plowing and Whole Stalk Returning on Agronomic Characters and Yield of Density-tolerant Maize

Effects of the broad ridge with deep plowing and whole stalk returning on plant height, leaf number, dry matter accumulation, chlorophyll content and yield of density-tolerant maize were studied. The density-tolerant variety Zhengdan 958 was cultivated under three treatments: broad ridge with deep plowing, whole stalk deep returning and plastic film mulching (treatment 1); broad ridge with deep plowing and plastic film mulching without stalk returning (treatment 2); no deep plowing, whole stalk returning and plastic film mulching (CK). The results showed that there were no distinct differences of plant height between treatment 1, treatment 2 and CK. At jointing, heading and maturity stage, by comparison with CK, leaf area, dry matter accumulation, chlorophyll content and yield of treatment 1 and 2 all increased. From heading to grain filling, the leaf area of treatment 1 increased by 12.5% compared with CK; from jointing to heading, dry matter accumulation per plant increased by168%; leaf chlorophyll content at grain filling stage increased by 14.4%; and the yield increased by 12.3%. Treatment 1 was superior to treatment 2. Broad ridge with deep plowing and whole stalk returning provided more suitable conditions for density-tolerant maize growth, resulting in the suitable leaf area, canopy structure, yield components and high yielding.