草地生态系统载畜量与合理放牧率研究方法进展

草地载畜量和合理放牧率历来是草地生态系统的研究热点.然而,多年来的研究成果却未能有效解决实现草地可持续发展的管理和技术问题,由此可见,现有的载畜量和放牧率研究体系尚存在一定的缺陷.近年来围绕草地载畜量和合理放牧率的准确评定,各国学者进行了大量研究,涌现出许多新的理论和方法.越来越多的研究开始关注经济因素在放牧草地生态系统中的作用,并将载畜量划分为生态和经济载畜量两类,而且对合理放牧率也有了更进一步的认识.通过对现有载畜量和放牧率研究方法的总结,指出了其中可能存在的缺陷,认为草地载畜量不应仅以生态载畜量为标准,而在确定放牧率时应将农户行为和宏观经济背景纳入考虑范围;在放牧草地生态系统研究中应与生态经济学的理论方法相结合;将大面积草地化整为零,以放牧小区为单位有利于提高载畜量和放牧率评估的精确性.

Research progress in methodologies for carrying capacity and proper stocking rate in grassland ecological system

The carrying capacity and proper stocking rate are the hot research issues for the grassland ecosystem,however,the relevant achievements have not effectively been applied to the sustainable management of grassland ecosystem.It indicated that there probably were some defects existing in the theories and methods of grassland ecosystem research.To eliminate the previous defects,many economic factors have been considered to estimate the proper stocking rate and the carrying capacity,and the concepts of economic or ecological carrying capacity are widely accepted at present.The new research theories and methods of carrying capacity and proper stocking rate are reviewed in this paper.In conclusion,for the sustainable management of grazing grassland,the ecological carrying capacity,and farmer activity and macro-economic strategies should be considered together.It is necessary to combine the ecological economic theories with the stability of grazing grassland ecosystem,and it may be more accurate through dividing the large area grassland into the small feeding area to estimate the livestock carrying capacity and stocking rate.