不同调理剂施用对富磷土壤磷素吸收及其形态变化影响

针对集约化设施土壤中磷素过度累积，本文开展盆栽试验，探究不同类型土壤调理剂施用对糯玉米干物质积累、磷素吸收及土壤磷素形态变化的影响。结果表明，生物质炭70%+明矾30% 处理玉米的长势最好，其盆干生物量最高为44.6 g/plant，显著高于对照处理19.57%。土壤总磷和水溶性磷含量在施用调理剂后与种植前相比均有不同程度的降低。在土壤无机磷组分变化方面，明矾100% 与生物质炭100% 处理均提高了缓效性磷源的含量，生物质炭70%+明矾30% 处理显著提高了速效性磷源含量。生物质炭70%+明矾30%、生物质炭30%+腐植酸30%+明矾30% 处理可以有效抑制土壤碱性磷酸酶的活性，同时抑制土壤有机磷素的矿化。综合来看，生物质炭70%+明矾30% 处理在释放土壤潜在性磷源、提高土壤速效性磷源、促进作物磷素吸收、提高作物干物质量积累等方面的综合表现较好。

Effects of Different Conditioning Agents on Phosphorus Uptake and Form Changes in Phosphorus-rich Soil

In order to solve excessive accumulation of phosphorus in the soil of intensive facilities, this study conducted a pot experiment to explore different types of soil conditioners on dry matter accumulation, phosphorus uptake and changes in soil phosphorus forms of waxy maize. The results showed that maize grew best under biochar 70% + alum 30% treatment with the highest dry biomass of 44.6 g/plant, increased significantly by 19.57% than control treatment. The application of conditioner decreased the contents of total phosphorus and water-soluble phosphorus to varying degrees. In terms of changes in soil inorganic phosphorus composition, 100% alum and 100% biochar treatments increased the content of slow-acting phosphorus sources, and 70% biochar + 30% alum treatment significantly increased the content of fast-acting phosphorus sources. Biochar 70% + alum 30%, biochar 30% + humic acid 30% + alum 30% treatments effectively inhibited the activity of soil alkaline phosphatase and the mineralization of soil organophosphorus. On the whole, biochar 70% + alum 30% treatment has good comprehensive performance in releasing soil potential phosphorus sources, improving soil available phosphorus sources, promoting crop phosphorus absorption, and improving crop dry matter quality accumulation.