基于层次-灰色关联法的河套灌区玉米田氮素面源污染防治技术综合评价

近年来为了实现面源污染的科学防控，研究提出了多种相应的防治技术；但因气候、土壤等条件的不同，面源污染防治技术的应用效果有很大的差异。因此，为了筛选适宜于河套灌区的面源污染防治技术，在对有机肥替代化肥、滴灌减量施肥以及综合优化施肥技术进行环境效应、生产效果、技术可操作性和可复制性评价的基础上，运用层次-灰色关联法对不同面源污染防治技术防治效果进行综合评价。结果表明，与传统施肥相比，不同面源污染防控技术均不同程度地降低了氮素流失并提高了氮肥利用率，同时能够维持或增加玉米产量。其中，综合优化施肥技术硝态氮淋失负荷平均削减43.2%，氮肥利用率平均提高149.79%，单项评价值平均为0.7500；滴灌减量施肥技术和有机肥替代化肥技术增加了必要的生产资料投入，综合优化施肥技术生产成本平均降低了21.78%，玉米产量平均增加20.54%，单项评价值为0.7290；综合优化施肥技术操作简单，因此有93.3%～97.3% 的农户愿意采用此项技术，95.5%～97.5% 的农户对该项技术较为熟悉，同时该项技术与当地政策的匹配程度居中，评分为85～88分，单项评分为0.9688。由层析-灰色关联法计算得出综合优化施肥技术综合评价值最高，平均为0.7649，适宜于在河套灌区面源污染防治过程中大力推广应用。研究结果可为实现区域农业绿色可持续发展提供数据支撑。

Comprehensive evaluation of nitrogen non-point source pollution control technology for maize field in Hetao irrigated area based on hierarchical grey relational method

In recent years，in order to achieve the scientific prevention and control of non-point source pollution，a variety of non-point source pollution prevention and control technologies have been developed. However，the application effect of non-point source pollution prevention and control technology varies greatly due to different climate，soil and other conditions. Therefore，the environmental effects，production effects，technical operability and replicability of organic fertilizer instead of chemical fertilizer，drip irrigation reduction fertilization and comprehensive optimization fertilization technology were evaluated and the control effect of different non-point source pollution control technologies was comprehensively evaluated by hierarchical-grey correlation method in this paper. The results showed that compared with traditional fertilization，different non-point source pollution prevention and control technologies could reduce nitrogen loss and improve nitrogen use efficiency in varying degrees，while maintaining or increasing maize yield. The nitrate nitrogen leaching reduced by 43.20%，the nitrogen use efficiency increased by 149.79% and the average individual evaluation value was 0.7500 under the comprehensive optimization fertilization technology. The input of necessary means of production were increased under organic fertilizer instead of chemical fertilizer and drip irrigation reduction fertilization，while the production cost of the comprehensive optimized fertilization technology was averagely reduced by 21.78%. Meanwhile，the average yield of maize increased by 20.54% and the single evaluation value was 0.7290. The operation of comprehensive optimized fertilization technology was simple，so 93.3%-97.3% of farmers were willing to adopt this technology，and 95.5%-97.5% of farmers were familiar with this technology. At the same time，the matching degree of this technology with local policies was in the middle，the score was 85-88，and the single score was 0.9688. The comprehensive evaluation value of the comprehensive optimization fertilization technology calculated by the hierarchical-grey correlation method was the highest，with an average of 0.7649，which was suitable for popularization and application in the prevention and control of non-point source pollution in Hetao irrigation area. The results can provide data support for the realization of green and sustainable development of regional agriculture.