西北太平洋中上层鱼类和鱿鱼的组织能量密度与海域环境的关系

为探求西北太平洋生物种类的能量存储能力,本研究利用“淞航”远洋渔业调查船采集的鱼类和鱿鱼样本,利用组织能量密度测定技术分析其肌肉组织能量密度,并利用混合模型分析组织能量密度与海洋环境因子的效应关系。结果显示,鱼类比鱿鱼的肌肉组织能量密度大,前者为(23.50±2.80) kJ/g,后者为(19.67±1.16) kJ/g。鱼类中以汤氏角灯鱼的肌肉组织能量密度最大,为(28.75±0.96) kJ/g;日本栉鲳的组织能量密度最小,为(20.37±1.04) kJ/g。鱿鱼中以发光柔鱼的肌肉组织能量密度最大,为(20.07±0.39) kJ/g;日本爪乌贼的组织能量密度最小,为(18.42±0.22) kJ/g。在纬度较高的海域,鱼类和鱿鱼具有较大的肌肉组织能量密度,而且与经度×纬度显著相关(p<0.05)。鱼类和鱿鱼在海平面高度0m时具有较大的肌肉组织能量密度,且在净初级生产力>12 mg/m3/d时呈增大变化趋势;然而,两者的肌肉组织能量密度随海表温升高而降低。研究表明,西北太平洋鱼类和鱿鱼的肌肉组织能量密度存在纬向变化趋势,海域的海平面高度、海表温和净初级生产力对其单位质量组织的能量存储产生显著影响。本研究可为认知西北太平洋生物种类的环境适应特性,以及开展海洋生态系统稳定性研究提供数据基础。

Tissue energy density of mesopelagic fish and squid and relation to marine environment in the Northwest Pacific

To investigate the energy storage capabilities of species in the Northwest Pacific, this study utilized fish and squid as case study, and the samples were collected by "SONGHANG" distant water fishery research vessel. The technique of tissue energy density determination was applied to measure the energy density of soma tissue of fish and squid, and the mixed-effects models were used to analyze the effective relationships between soma tissue energy density and marine environmental variables. The results showed that the soma tissue energy density of fish was greater that squid, in which tissue energy density was respectively measured (23.50±2.80) kJ/g for fish and (19.67±1.16) kJ/g for squid. Among the fishes, Ceratoscopelus townsendi had the greatest soma tissue energy density, with a mean value of (28.75±0.96) kJ/g, while Hyperoglyphe japonicus had the lowest soma tissue energy density, being (20.37±1.04) kJ/g. Regarding the squids, the greatest soma tissue energy density was determined for Eucleoteuthis luminosa [(20.07±0.39) kJ/g], and the lowest density was determined for Onychoteuthis borealijaponicus [(18.42±0.22) kJ/g]. Both fish and squid in higher latitude areas exhibited higher energy density in their soma tissues, which was significantly correlated with the interaction of latitude × longitude (p<0.05). In addition, they had greater soma tissue energy density in areas where the sea surface height was 0 m, and showed an increase trend when the net primary production was larger than 12 mg/m3/d. However, their soma tissue energy density decreased as increasing sea surface temperature. This study indicates that there is latitudinal trend in the distribution of soma tissue energy density of fish and squid in the Northwest Pacific, in which the sea surface height, sea surface temperature and net primary production have significant effects on the energy accumulation per unit of soma tissue of fish and squid. The study puts forward our understanding of the environmental adaptability of marine species, and warrants future research on the marine ecosystem stability in the Northwest Pacific.