云南鲜食葡萄品质与不同产地土壤养分综合分析及评价

为研究云南鲜食葡萄主要产区土壤养分情况及其对葡萄品质的影响，选取12个采样点，采集土壤样品和对应葡萄样品，对相关指标进行测定分析，为云南鲜食葡萄产区合理施肥提供科学依据。通过使用Nemerow综合评价指数法综合评价，云南鲜食葡萄12个产地整体土壤养分等级为II级，有机质、全磷、有效磷、速效钾评价指数较高，均达到了I级，建水地区土壤养分评价指数为1.89，达到等级I级的标准，元谋、蒙自、开源、陆良、昌宁、宾川、弥勒7个地区土壤养分评价等级为II级，永仁、永德、会泽、宣威4个地区土壤养分等级为III级；土壤养分指标中，有机质、有效磷、速效钾、水解性氮均与总酸、可滴定酸呈极显著正相关；全氮、水解性氮与可溶性糖呈极显著正相关；全钾与单粒重、粒径长、粒径宽呈极显著负相关，全磷与单粒重呈极显著负相关；使用主成分评价分析法对综合评价进行验证，2种土壤养分指标评价方法对土壤综合评价基本一致(相关系数R=0.97)，葡萄品质综合评价与土壤综合评价指数相关性不强，葡萄品质本身并非随着土壤养分或评价指标变好而有所提升。建议应加强有机肥的施用，土壤综合评价等级为I级的产区应适当控制肥料用量，以促进平衡为主，防止过量流失，土壤pH值较低的产区则需要调整土壤酸碱性，评价等级为III的产区应增施有机肥和氮肥，适当提高土壤肥力，结合施肥管理开展控水控肥、减施增效的施肥方式和制种模式研究，减少肥料施用，保持土壤的可持续利用。

Comprehensive analysis and evaluation between the quality of fresh grapes and soil nutrients in different regions of Yunnan province

In order to study the soil nutrient status and its impact on grape quality in the main production areas of fresh grapes in Yunnan province，12 sampling points were selected to collect soil samples and corresponding grape samples，relevant indicators were measured and analyzed to provide scientific basis for rational fertilization in Yunnan’s fresh grape production areas. By using the Nemerow comprehensive evaluation index method，the overall soil nutrient level of 12 fresh grape producing areas in Yunnan was Level II. The evaluation index of organic matter，total phosphorus，available phosphorus，and available potassium was relatively high，all reaching Level I. The soil nutrient evaluation index of Jianshui area was 1.89，meeting the standard of Level I. The soil nutrient evaluation level of Yuanmou，Mengzi，Kaiyuan，Luliang，Changning，Binchuan，and Mile was Level II，while that of Yongren，Yongde，Huize and Xuanwei was Level III. Among the soil nutrient indicators，organic matter，available phosphorus，available potassium and hydrolytic nitrogen were significantly positively correlated with total acid and titratable acid. Total nitrogen and hydrolytic nitrogen were significantly positively correlated with soluble sugars. There was a highly significant negative correlation between total potassium and single grain weight，particle size length，and particle size width，while total phosphorus was highly significant negative correlation with single grain weight. The principal component evaluation analysis method was used to validate the comprehensive evaluation. The two soil nutrient index evaluation methods were basically consistent in terms of soil comprehensive evaluation(correlation coefficient R=0.97). The correlation between grape quality comprehensive evaluation and soil comprehensive evaluation index was not strong，and grape quality itself did not improve with the improvement of soil nutrients or evaluation indicators. According to the research results，we suggested that the application of organic fertilizer should be strengthened. For the production area with the evaluation grade of I，the fertilizer should be properly controlled to promote balance and prevent excessive loss. For the production area with low soil pH value，the soil acidity and alkalinity should be adjusted. For the production area with the evaluation grade of III，the organic fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer should be increased to properly improve the soil fertility. In combination with the fertilization management，the research on the fertilization mode and seed production mode of controlling water and fertilizer，reducing fertilizer and increasing efficiency should be carried out to reduce fertilizer application，maintain the sustainable use of soil.