森林群落发育阶段及其效益分析——以河北省木兰林场和塞罕坝机械林场为例

为揭示森林生态、经济和社会效益的发生、发展规律，为森林经营和资源管理提供依据，根据森林群落发育和演替理论并结合木兰林场塞罕坝机械林场经营实践，对森林群落的发育阶段及森林三大效益进行了分析，提出了稳定成熟森林群落的形成可分为森林群落形成阶段、森林群落发展阶段和森林群落稳定成熟阶段。阐述了森林群落不同阶段的基本特点和群落结构的基本特征。在此基础上分析了从森林群落形成阶段到发展为稳定成熟森林群落进程中，森林三大效益产生和发展的一般规律以及它们之间的相互关系，即森林三大效益不是平行关系而是相互区别、相互联系、相互伴生的关系，它们的产生是一个从无到有、由少到多、由小到大的发展进程，特别是生态效益和社会效益，从维度上讲还是一个从单一向复杂，从单维度向多维度的发展进程，并随森林群落林龄增长而逐渐增多增强。

Development stage and benefit analysis of forest community ----Taking Mulanweichang National Forestry Administration and Saihanba Mechanized Forestry Farm in Hebei Province for example

In order to reveal the development regularity of forest ecological,economic and social benefits,provided the basis for forest management and resource management,according to the succession of forest community development and theory,combined with the management practices of Mulanweichang National Forestry Administration and Saihanba Mechanized Forestry Farm,the developmental stage of forest community and three forest benefit were analyzed.The formation of stable mature forest community was put forward,which could be divided into three stages,forest community formation stage,forest community development stage and forest community stable and mature stage.The basic characteristics of forest community at different stages and community structure were expounded.On this basis,the general rules of the generation,development of the three forest benefits and their relationship were analyzed from the formation stage of forest community to the development of stable and mature forest community.That was to say,the three benefits of forest were not parallelled,but mutually differentiated,associated and accompanied with each other.The generation was a development process from nothing to some,from less to more,from small to big.Especially,the ecological benefit and social benefit were still a development process from single to complex,from single dimension to multi-dimension,gradually increased and strengthened with the growth of forest community.