基于森林仿真优化系统(FSOS)确定塞罕坝主要森林类型全周期年采伐量

确定森林年采伐量是编制森林经营方案的核心内容之一。科学合理的森林年采伐量对于优化森林结构、提高森林质量，实现森林可持续经营具有重要意义。本研究基于河北省塞罕坝机械林场2019年更新的二类调查数据，以人工华北落叶松林、人工樟子松林和天然白桦林为对象，采用森林仿真优化系统（FSOS）分析多种采伐策略情境下主要森林类型龄组结构、蓄积量结构和经济效益等因素在未来100年期间的变化趋势确定不同森林类型最合理的年采伐量。结果表明：人工华北落叶松林年主伐量的优化结果为50 000 m³，年抚育间伐量的优化结果为100 000 m³；人工樟子松林年主伐量的优化结果为5 000 m³，年抚育间伐量的优化结果为40 000 m³；天然桦树林并无主伐设计，年抚育间伐量的优化结果为20 000 m³。3种森林类型的全周期采伐量优化结果显示，短期内采伐量会存在一定波动，但在未来80年后，采伐量将稳定在既定目标。FSOS系统以未来目标为导向，基于全周期经营理念，是编制新型森林经营方案的重要技术手段，为实现森林可持续经营奠定基础。

Determination of annual full-cycle cutting volume of main forest types in Saihanba Mechanized Forestry Farm based on Forest Simulation Optimization System(FSOS)

Determination of the annual forest cutting amount was one of the core contents of forest management plan.Scientific and reasonable annual forest harvesting was of great significance for optimizing forest structure,improving forest quality and realizing sustainable forest management.In the study,the Forest Simulation Optimization System (FSOS) was used to simulate the change trends of the age proportioning,volume and economic benefit of Larix principis-rupprechtii planation,artificial Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica planation and Betula platyphylla natural forest in the next 100 years under different management tactics,to determine the most reasonable annual cutting volume for different forest types,based on the second-class survey data of Saihanba Mechanized Forestry Farm of Hebei Province in 2019.The results showed that the optimal annual clear-cutting volume of L.principis-rupprechtii planation was 50 000 m³,and the optimal thinning volume was 100 000 m³.The optimization annual clear-cutting volume of Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica planation was 5 000 m³,and the optimal annual thinning volume was 40000 m³.There was no clear-cutting design for Betula platyphylla natural forest and the optimal annual thinning volume was 20 000 m³.The optimization results of the“full management cycle”cutting volume of the 3 forest types showed that the cutting volume would fluctuate in the short term,but it would stabilize following the pre-given target after the next 80 years.The FSOS was future-oriented and based on the concept of full cycle management,it was an important technical method for the preparation of new forest management plans and layed the foundation for the realization of sustainable forest management.