蜀宣花牛体型外貌、线性评定及生理指标测定

[目的]为了充分了解牛群的体型外貌及生理指标情况,我们对牛群体型外貌进行了评定、同时对牛群的毛色、肤色、踢、角及生理指标进行了调查研究。[方法]通过对牛群生理指标测定、体型外貌评定及毛色、肤色、踢、角颜色和形状分析。[结果]表明:蜀宣花牛肉用指数公母牛分别为5.3769和4.0725,低于国外专门化肉牛品种,但也明显高于国内几个比较有名的地方牛品种,由此说明,蜀宣花牛的肉用指数界于专用型肉牛和肉役兼用型牛之间。毛色以黄白花和红白花为主,占90.16%;皮肤颜色以纯粉色和粉色有斑点的为主,占96.92%;蹄质颜色以纯蜡黄色为主,占86.28%;角型以照阳角为主,占93.94%。成年母牛的生理指标分别为:体温平均38.38℃、心跳74.56次/min、呼吸18.74次/min和瘤胃蠕动2.84次/2min;体型外貌线性评定分析表明,蜀宣花牛母牛的14个性状中,除后房宽度、尻角度和乳房底部3个性状平均分略低于75分,强壮度、后房高度、乳头位置和乳静脉4个性状的平均分高于80分外,其余7个性状的平均分都在75~80分之间。[结论]从乳用性能的角度看,牛群的平均体型尚处在较理想型和理想型之间,还有待进一步选育提高。

Body Conformation,Linear Assessment and Physiological Index of Shu-Xuan cattle

[Objective]The aim of this work was to better understand the body conformation, linear assessment and physiological index in Shu-Xuan cattle,as well as to promote the development of this breed. [Method]The investigation and analyses of available data about beef purpose index （BPI）,coat color,skin color,average body temperature,heart rate, in Xuanhua cattle were carried out. [Result]This work found that the beef purpose index （BPI） of Shu-Xuan （male.5. 3769;female.4. 0725） was worse than those of the improved beef cattle breeds,but better than those of native cattle breeds. For coat color,90.16% of ShuXuan cattle were yellow-white or red-white. For skin color,92.92% of Shu-Xuan cattle were pink or with same pigment spots. For hoof color,86.28% of Shu-Xuan cattle were wax yellow,and 93.94% of Shu-Xuan cattle was upward buckling. The average body temperature,heart rate,respiratory rate, and rumen motility views of adult cow were 38.38 ~C ,74.56,18.74,2.84,respectively. As for the scores of 14 characters,three of them were below 75 points,four of them were over 80 points,and remnants were between 75 points and 80 points. [Conclusion]The milk performance and meat performance of Shu-Xuan cattle were comparatively superiority, but it needs further improving.