榆中县旱作区主要农作物化肥减量增效技术集成探索与实践

经过多年探索，榆中县旱作区化肥减量技术逐步成熟，并在主要农作物中进行示范和推广，为榆中地区化肥减量增效提供了科学的数据支撑和精而强的技术支持。从氮、磷、钾肥平衡调控到按需精量配方施肥，再到通过增施有机肥替代（减）化肥和改进传统施肥方式集成化肥减量增效技术，在蔬菜、玉米、马铃薯、小麦、百合及中药材等主要农作物中累计推广面积86.67万公顷，新增纯收益128305.44万元。通过松花菜有机肥不同用量试验，结果表明，松花菜产量随着商品有机肥用量的增加而增加，商品率由46.73%上升到 50.33%。通过甘蓝生物有机肥不同用量试验，结果表明，使用生物有机肥并化肥减量20%后,商品甘蓝全磷、膳食纤维、钙含量较对照下降明显，维生素C含量各处理均有上升，说明甘蓝口感更香、营养更丰富，品质得到提升。推荐生物有机肥每公顷使用量最佳为3000 kg，化肥减量最大20%。

Exploration and Practice of Integrated Technology for Reducing and Increasing Fertilizer Efficiency of Major Crops in the Dry Farming Area of Yuzhong County

After years of exploration, the fertilizer reduction technology in the dry farming area of Yuzhong County has gradually matured, and has been demonstrated and promoted in major crops, providing scientific data support and precise and strong technical support for fertilizer reduction and efficiency improvement in the Yuzhong area. From balanced regulation of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers to precise formula fertilization according to demand, and then to the integration of fertilizer reduction and efficiency enhancement technology through increasing the application of organic fertilizers to replace (reduce) fertilizers and improving traditional fertilization methods, the cumulative promotion area in major crops such as vegetables, corn, potatoes, wheat, lilies, and traditional Chinese medicine is 13 million mu, with an additional net income of 1283054400 yuan. Through experiments with different amounts of organic fertilizer for Songhua vegetable, the results showed that the yield of Songhua vegetable increased with the increase of commercial organic fertilizer usage, and the commodity rate increased from 46.73% to 50.33%. Through experiments with different amounts of bio organic fertilizer for cabbage, the results showed that after using bio organic fertilizer and reducing the amount of fertilizer by 20%, the total phosphorus, dietary fiber, and calcium content of commercial cabbage decreased significantly compared to the control, while the vitamin C content increased in all treatments. This indicates that cabbage has a more fragrant taste, richer nutrition, and improved quality. The recommended optimal amount of bio organic fertilizer per mu is 200 kg, with a maximum reduction of 20% in chemical fertilizer.