利用GPR多频天线振幅包络平均值法估算滴灌棉田土壤盐分含量

土壤盐渍化问题严重制约着农业经济发展,快速准确地掌握农田土壤的盐渍化信息是盐渍化防治的前提。为准确快速地了解滴灌棉田土壤盐分含量情况,该研究采用探地雷达(Ground Penetrating Radar,GPR)多频天线(250 MHz和1 000 MHz)对典型滴灌棉田土壤进行探测,通过GPR振幅包络平均值法(Average Envelope Amplitude,AEA)获取土壤视在介电常数,以Dobson盐渍土介电模型(Dobson dielectric model of saline soil,Dobson)为理论工具,估算滴灌棉田土壤的盐分含量。同时,将视在介电常数、土壤容重、含水率和土壤黏粒含量5个参数设置为模型输入变量,采用多元线性回归方法(Multiple Linear Regression,MLR),建立膜下滴灌棉田土壤盐分反演模型,并使用BP神经网络(Back Propagation neural network,BP)进行模拟预测。最终,以实测盐分为基准,评价MLR模型、BP模型和Dobson模型反演盐分含量的效果。结果表明:1)探地雷达250 MHz和1 000 MHz频率天线AEA法探测的有效深度均为0～30 cm。2)1 000MHz频率天线AEA法获取的介电常数与实测含水量有较好的多项式关系,且实测含水量和反演含水量拟合效果和精度较好,决定系数R~2为0.96,均方根误差RMSE为1.61%,平均误差率MER为7.25%。3)3种盐分反演模型中,Dobson盐渍土介电模型反演精度明显高于其他2种方法,R~2达到0.91,RMSE为0.313 g/kg。因此,利用GPR多频天线AEA法估算滴灌棉田土壤盐分含量是可行且可靠的。该法为反演土壤盐分含量提供新途径,丰富了盐分含量探测的方法及手段。

Estimation of soil salt content in drip irrigation cotton field using GPR multi-frequency antenna amplitude envelope average method

Abstract: The prevention and control of saline soil is of great significance to the sustainable development of agriculture in Xinjiang, and comprehensive knowledge of the Salt content of saline soil is a prerequisite for the prevention and control of salinization, so it is necessary to find an accurate and rapid method to estimate salt content information of saline soil. Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) is widely used in geophysical and environmental assessment as a non-destructive detection technology. In recent years, this technology focuses on the detection of water content. However, the detection of soil salt is relatively weak due to the large dielectric loss in saline-alkali soil, the easily-absorbed electromagnetic wave energy the complex way to process radar signal, and even the different frequency combinations are needed to test, all of which above bring great troubles to the detection of salt. However, the rapid development of dielectric models in salinized soil makes it possible to use this technique to retrieve salt content. In order to better understand the soil salt content in drip irrigation cotton field, a typical drip irrigation cotton field was selected as the research object to be detected with a Canada''s Ekko PRO series GPR multi-frequency antenna (250 MHz and 1 000 MHz). Then, the soil dielectric constant was obtained through radar amplitude envelope Average method (AEA). Soil salt content was estimated by adopting the Dobson saline soil dielectric model (Dobson dielectric model of saline soil, Dobson) as the theoretical tools. Meanwhile, the dielectric constant, soil bulk density, water content, and soil clay content were applied as the input variables of the model; Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) method was used to establish soil salinity inversion model; BP neural network (BP) was employed for simulation and prediction. Finally, the accuracy of salt content inversion by MLR model, BP model and Dobson model was evaluated based on the measured salt content. The results showed that: (l) The effective depth of GPR 250 MHz and 1000 MHz frequency antenna AEA method was 0-30 cm. (2) The dielectric constant obtained by 1 000 MHz frequency antenna AEA had a good polynomial relationship with the measured water content, and the fitting effect and accuracy of the measured water content and the inverse water content were good (R2, RMSE, MER were 0.96, 1.61%, and 7.25%, respectively). (3) Among the three salt inversion models, the inversion accuracy of Dobson salinized soil dielectric model was significantly higher than that of the other two methods, with R2 and RMSE of 0.91 and 0.313 g/kg respectively. Therefore, it is suitable and reliable to use GPR multi-frequency antenna AEA method to estimate soil salt content in cotton fields under drip irrigation. This method provides a new way to retrieve soil salt content and enriches the methods and means of detecting soil salt content.