Element contents of spruce needles (P. abies [L.] Karst.) along an altitudinal gradient in the bavarian alps

One and 3 yr old needles of (Picoa abies [L.] Karst) were analyzed for mineral content and to determine the main nutrients and pollutants. In the Bavarian Alps 70 adult spruce trees were selected along an altitudinal gradient on seven stands from 800 to 1720 m above sea level. The samples, collected at different times of the year, came from the tops of the crowns. The needle analysis showed a severe P and a mild N deficiency. Samples which were washed with chloroform have significantly lower Fe and Ph contents. The low S concentrations of the needles exclude a burden by air pollution caused by SO₂.