秋子梨亲本组配对F1早果性的影响

以秋子梨品种及后代为母本,其它栽培梨系统品种为父本组配17个组合,1175株杂种苗为试材,采用田间观察方法,调查了17个组合F1始果年龄及不同树龄开花单株数,研究了不同秋子梨及后代品种与其它栽培梨系统品种组配对杂种F1早果性的影响。结果表明:15个组合始果年龄在6~8年,八年生时还有"寒香梨"×"金香水"、"大慈梨"×"鄂梨1号"2个组合未开花;开花组合中,不同母本组合存在差异,以"大慈梨"为母本的组合开花株率最高,为12.14%;"寒香梨"其次,为9.42%;"金香水"最低,为6.43%;母本相同父本不同、母本不同父本相同组合中,后代群体开花株数存在明显差异,表明父母本对杂种后代群体始果年龄早晚有显著影响;秋子梨与其它栽培系统梨品种组配,F1始果年龄差异较大,但秋子梨作为父、母本组配的后代群体开花单株均较低,其中秋子梨×秋子梨组配为0。可见秋子梨种性对后代始果年龄早晚影响很大,仅通过亲本选择选配缩短秋子梨育种周期可能性不大。

Effects of Parent Selection and Crosses of Pyrus ussuriensis on the Early-bearing Ability of F1

In order to investigate the effects of combinations of different pear varieties,their descendants and other cultivated varieties on the early fruiting of F1 generation,using 1175 hybrid seedlings were obtained from 17 combinations of varieties which Pyrus ussuriensis varieties and their progenies as female parent,other varieties as male parent.The results showed that there were 15 combinations starting to bear fruit in 6-8 years,but two combinations(‘Hanxiangli’בJinxiangshui’,‘Dacili’בEli1 hao’)did not blossom.Among the flowering combinations,there were differences with different maternal combinations.The flowering plant rate of the combination with‘Dacili’as the parent was the highest,which was 12.14%.‘Hanxiangli’was the second(9.42%).‘Jinxiangshui’was the lowest(6.43%).There were significant differences in the number of flowering plants in the off spring population in different combinations of maternal male parent and female parent,indicating that parental parent had a significant influenced on the age of bearing fruit in the hybrid population.It was a big difference in the age of the first fruit in F1 generation in the combination of Pyrus ussuriensis×other varieties,and the parent groups of Pyrus ussuriensis progeny had a lower flowering individual plant,such as the combination of Pyrus ussuriensis×Pyrus ussuriensis was 0.Therefore it can be seen that the seed sex of Pyrus ussuriensis has a great influence on the early and late fruit age of off spring.