毛酸浆浸渍法多倍体诱导技术

以毛酸浆露白种子为试验材料,采用浸渍法进行多倍体诱导,研究了秋水仙素浓度和浸渍时间对后代表型变异率和死亡率的影响,以期筛选适合毛酸浆的多倍体诱导技术体系。结果表明:随着秋水仙素浓度升高和处理时间的延长,毛酸浆下胚轴膨大率升高,但过长的处理时间(36 h)会造成下胚轴膨大率下降。变异株气孔变大、密度变小,染色体数目鉴定结果为正常株2n=2x=24条,变异株2n=4x=48条。不同品种对秋水仙素浓度敏感程度不同,"铁把青"对秋水仙素较敏感,最适宜处理组合为100 mg·L^-1秋水仙素处理12 h,30 d表型变异率可达8.67%;"大黄菇娘果"和"粒粒甜小菇娘"最适宜处理组合为200 mg·L^-1秋水仙素处理12 h,30 d表型变异率分别为6.33%和6.67%。流式细胞仪鉴定发现很多表型变异株是混倍体,流式细胞仪可以在早期对变异株的倍性进行准确鉴定,还可以减少混倍体对育种的影响。

Polyploid Induction of Physalis pubescens L.by Seed Soaking

Taking the germinated seeds of Physalis pubescens L.as materials.A seed soak experment was conducted to evaluate the effects of concentrations and treat time of colchicine on phenotypic variation and death rate of Physalis pubescens L.,in order to optimize the polyploidy induction system of Physalis pubescens L..The results showed that the hypocotyl enlargment rate increased followed the increase of concentration and treat time of colchicine,but decreased at long treatment time(36 hours).The size of stomatal cell of induced plants was increased but the density was decreased,the chromosome number of induced plants was 2 n=4 x=48,while that of diploids was 2 n=2 x=24.The sensitivity of Physalis pubescens L.varieties to colchicine were different,‘Tiebaqing’was more sensitive to colchicine,the optimal treatment conditions were germinated seeds soaked in 100 mg·L^-1 colchicine for 12 hours,the phenotypic variation rate at 30 days were 8.67%;‘Dahuang’and‘Lilitian’were less sensitive to colchicine,the optimal treatment conditions were germinated seeds soaked in200 mg·L^-1 colchicine for 12 hours,the phenotypic variation rate at 30 days were 6.33%and6.67%.Many mutant strains were identied to be mixed ploidy by flow cytometry,flow cytometry could accurately identify the ploidy of mutant strains in the early stage,and reduce the impact of mixed ploidy in breeding.