苦瓜干物质分配和养分吸收规律研究

以苦瓜品种"热科1号"为试材,采用盆栽的方式,研究了苦瓜干物质分配和大量(N、P、K)、中量(Ca、Mg)、微量(Zn、B)养分的吸收规律,以及干物质积累量与养分积累量的相关性,以期为实际生产中的肥料施用提供参考依据,实现养分的合理分配和利用。结果表明:苦瓜总的干物质积累比例为根∶茎蔓∶叶片∶果实=1∶31.24∶27.80∶31.49。各元素吸收比例为N∶P∶K=1.00∶0.15∶1.33;Ca∶Mg=1.00∶0.19;Zn∶B=1.00∶1.60。按照平均生产1 000 kg苦瓜计算,所需要的N含量为5.48 kg,P含量为0.84 kg,K含量为6.21 kg,Ca含量为2.44 kg,Mg含量为0.47 kg,Zn含量为0.02 kg,B含量为0.04 kg。苦瓜的干物质积累量与养分积累量呈显著正相关。苦瓜养分吸收整体表现为K>N>P>Ca>Mg>B>Zn。在实际生产中,应该注意各种养分的合理配施,在结果期适当增加B肥的投入比例,可以增加果实的养分积累,从而提高产量。

Study on the Distribution of Dry Matter and Nutrient Absorption of Bitter Gourd

The bitter gourd variety ’Reke 1’ was used as the test material,with the method of potted,the dry matter distribution and the absorption of major element(N,P and K),medium element(Ca and Mg) and micro element(Zn and B) of bitter gourd,as well as the correlation between dry matter accumulation and nutrient accumulation was studied,in order to provide theoretical basis for the application of fertilizers in practical production and realize the reasonable distribution and utilization of nutrients.The results showed that the ratio of total dry matter accumulation was root∶stem∶leaf∶fruit=1.00∶31.24∶27.80∶31.49.The absorption ratio of each element was N∶P∶K=1.00∶0.15∶1.33;Ca∶Mg=1.00∶0.19;Zn∶B=1.00∶1.60.According to the average production of 1 000 kg bitter gourd,the content of N,P,K,Ca,Mg,Zn,B required were 5.48 kg,0.84 kg,6.21 kg,2.44 kg,0.47 kg,0.02 kg and 0.04 kg respectively.The correlation between dry matter accumulation and nutrient accumulation of bitter gourd was significantly positive.The amount of nutrient absorption of bitter gourd was K>N>P>Ca>Mg>B>Zn.In the practical production,it should be noted the reasonable application of various nutrients.In the fruit stage of bitter gourd,the proportion of B fertilizer input was increased appropriately to improve the nutrient accumulation of fruit and yield.