小浪底库区坡地不同景观配置对土壤水分时空分布及产流产沙影响

以小浪底水库库区6种主要坡地景观类型(免耕农田、传统耕作农田、撂荒地、果园、林地、间作地)为例,研究了坡地不同景观配置对土壤水分时空分布及其产流产沙的影响。研究结果表明,雨季末期农田景观配置(免耕、传统耕作)土壤含水量的增量是撂荒地、果园、林地、间作地景观的1.51、2.32、5.63、2.66倍,蓄水效率比撂荒地、果园、林地、间作地分别高7.06%、11.92%、17.23%、13.07%。土壤水分的垂直梯度变化可归纳为增长型、降低型和波动型和增长降低4种类型;径流和泥沙总量林地最少,农田传统耕作最多,其径流量是林地的13.9倍。

Effect of different slope landscape patterns on spatial and temporal variations of soil water, runoff and sedimentation in Xiaolangdi Reservoir area

Spatial and temporal variations of soil water,runoff and sedimentation on six slope landscape patterns(no-tillage cropland,conventional tillage cropland,fallow land,orchard,woodland,intercropped land) in Xiaolangdi Reservoir area were investigated.Results show average increased soil water content of cultivated slope landscapes(no-tillage and conventional tillage)to be 1.51,2.32,5.63,and 2.66 times of that of fallow land,orchard,woodland and intercropped land respectively,and with 7.06%,11.92%,17.23%and 13.07% higher average water storage efficiency at the end of the rainy season.Vertical changes in moisture across the soil profile are grouped into four clusters: increasing,decreasing,fluctuating,and increasing-decreasing tendencies.Woodland slope has the least accumulated runoff and sedimentation while conventional tillage cropland has the highest of all the slope landscape patterns.Accumulated runoff and sedimentation for conventional tillage cropland is 13.9 times of that of forest landscape.