乌鲁木齐区域城市化特征及其动力机制

城市化的动力机制是城市化研究的核心问题。本文从西北内陆城市区域———乌鲁木齐区域城市发展的实际出发,并结合与我国发达地区城市化状况的比较,指出乌鲁木齐区域城市化具有城市化速度加快、聚集规模水平低、空间差异大、腹地基础薄弱、非农化进程严重滞后于城市化进程等的特征。在此基础上,采用多因素的灰色关联分析,对区域城市化动力机制作了进一步的探索研究。发现:区域产业结构的升级转换、特别是第三产业的发展,农村剩余劳动力的增加以及人口密度与区域城市化进程关系最为密切,对区域城市化进程具有很大的促进作用;而区域农村经济基础条件(如农牧民人均纯收入、劳动力人均产值、非农劳动力比重等)、区域城市经济集聚规模和水平(如工业总产值、社会商品零售总额、人均GDP)以及建城环境(如固定资产投资)等对区域城市化的作用较小,在一定程度上制约着区域城市化的发展;各因素对城市化的影响力因城市的规模和发展水平的不同而有所区别,城市规模越小、发展水平越低,影响越大。最后,文章提出了区域城市发展的思路与对策建议,为合理引导和有效推进乌鲁木齐区域城市化进程提供参考依据。

The Characteristics and Dynamic Mechanisms of Urbanization of Urumqi Region

The dynamic mechanism of urbanization is a key issue in the research of urbanization. Starting with the practices of urban development of Northwest interior region-Urumqi Region, combining with the comparison of urbanization situation in Chinese developed region, it is pointed out the following characteristics of urbanization of Urumqi Region: faster urbanization speed, low scale and level of agglomeration of cities, sharp spatial disparity, meager hinterland foundation, no-farming process seriously lagging behind urbanizing process, etc. Based on the qualitative analysis, this research makes a further exploration for the dynamic mechanisms of urbanization of Urumqi Region. It is found that the up-gradation and transformation of regional industrial structure, especially the development of tertiary industry, as well as the increase of rural surplus labor force and population density are closest relative to the regional urbanization process, which have driving rules on the regional urbanization process; while the conditions of rural economic foundation (exp: per capital net income of farmer, average production of rural labor force and proportion of no-farming labor force, etc.), as well as the scale and level of agglomeration of regional cities (exp: industrial gross production, total sales of social goods, per capital GDP, etc.) and urban construction environments (exp: investment in fixed assets, etc.) have relatively weak relation to the regional urbanization process, which have to certain degree been hampering the regional urbanization process. Additionally, it is discovered from the contrasting analysis of the grey correlation data that the impacts of various aspects on the regional urbanization is different with the different scale and level of urban development, the smaller its scale and lower its development level, the weaker the impacts being. At last, the developing ideas and countermeasures are accordingly put forward.