白芷小孢子发育时期与花器形态相关性分析

目的：研究3个白芷品系小孢子发育时期与花蕾形态和花药形态的相关性，以期直接从花蕾形态和花药形态判断小孢子的发育时期。方法：采用苯酚品红对白芷小孢子进行染色，对白芷小孢子发育的细胞学以及小孢子不同发育时期与花柄长、花蕾大小、花药直径、花蕾和花药颜色的关系进行研究。结果：白芷小孢子发育经过四分体时期、单核前期、单核中晚期、二核期和三核期共5个时期，各时期特征明显；3个白芷品系小孢子发育时期与花蕾的外部形态和花药颜色密切相关，其中以CX08-2的花柄长、花蕾直径和花药长度最大，其次为B-2，而B-6为最小；但单核中晚期与其相邻时期的花柄长、花蕾直径和花药长度未达到显著水平，花瓣颜色、花瓣是否开裂和花药颜色可以作为花药培养取材的直观依据。结论：通过花器官形态判断小孢子的发育时期可以为白芷花药培养接种材料的选择提供依据。

Correlation of Cytological Development Period and Morphological Characteristics of Flower Organ of Angelica dahurica

The paper focused on the relationship between the microspore development and the morphological characteristics of the buds and anthers of three Angelica developmental stage directly based on the morphological magenta was selected for staining observation to A. dahurica new lines, in order to judge the microspore characteristics of the buds and anthers. The phenol dahurica microspore, then the developmental cytology, the relevance between the mierospore development and the length of flower stalk, the diameter of bud, the length of anther and the color of bud and anther had been studied. Microspore of A. dahurica developed at five stages： tetrad, early uninueleate, late-uninucleate, binucleate, trinucleate and developed at five stages： tetrad, early uninucleate, late-uninucleate, binucleate, trinucleate and each stage demonstrated distinctive characteristics. Microspore development also had correlation to the morphological characteristics of buds and the color of anther of the three A. dahurlca lines. Among them, CX08-2 had the longest flower stalk, the diameter bud and the length of anther, then B-2, B-6 had the shortest. The length of flower stalk, the diameter of bud and the length of anther of late-uninucleate period had no significant difference with the adjacent period. The color of petal, dehisce or not and the color of anther could be the direct reference for anther culture. The mierospore development period of A. dahurica could be identified according to the floral organ morphology which could provide the foundation for selecting the best optimal explants sampling time for anther culture.