基于株型的水稻光合生产模拟研究进展

株型是反映水稻(Oryza sativa L.)冠层结构与群体光合态势的综合性状，理想株型塑造与籼粳亚种间杂种优势利用相结合是提高水稻单位面积产量的关键。利用计算机可视化技术和三维数字化技术可实现对不同株型水稻的单株及群体冠层三维结构的可视化模拟，克服了G函数应用复杂与繁琐的缺点。通过调控栽培管理措施可构建高光效的水稻冠层结构，提高水稻冠层的光能截获量和单位面积产量。利用辐射度和光线跟踪技术可在三维空间上实现不同株型水稻冠层内光合有效辐射分布的精确模拟，弥补了指数模型应用假设的不足。基于生理生态过程的水稻光分布与光合作用模拟研究得到了快速广泛的发展，为数字农业技术的发展提供了强有力的模型化和定量化支撑。水稻株型的差异明显改变了光在水稻冠层内的分布和利用，进而影响冠层光合作用和物质积累，因而系统分析水稻株型与冠层内光分布及冠层光合作用间的定量关系，有利于提高水稻群体光能利用率与产量。

Photosynthetic Production Simulation Based on Plant Type in Rice: A Review

The plant type of rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a comprehensive character to reflect canopy structure and population photosynthetic posture. Combination of optimum plant type and strong subspecies heterosis is the key to improve unit area grain yield in rice. Make using of the technology of computer visualization and three-dimensional digitization could realize visualization simulation of three-dimensional structure for single plant and population canopy with different rice plant types, which overcome the shortcoming of complexity and fussiness in applying G-function. Through regulation cultivation management measures can construct high photosynthetic efficiency canopy structure, increase the amount of light interception and consequently improve grain yield in rice. Make using of the radiosity and ray tracing technology can realize precision simulation of PAR distribution within the canopy of different rice plant types at three-dimensional space, which make up for hypothesis in applying the index model. Studies on the rice light distribution and photosynthesis simulation based on physio-ecological process have been quickly and extensive developed, which provide strongly modeling and quantitative support for the development of digital agriculture technology. The difference of rice plant type changes the light distribution and utilization within rice canopy and influences canopy photosynthesis and biomass accumulation. Thus, system analysis the quantitative relationship between plant type and light distribution/photosynthesis within rice canopy is conducive to improve population light utilization efficiency and grain yield.