小麦冬春轮回选择育种方法研究进展

江苏淮安地处中国南北气候分界线上(33°33′ N)，冬季低于5℃的天数达112天，所有冬小麦都能通过春化，1月（最冷）平均气温在0.2℃以上，春小麦也可以安全越冬。经过多年研究与实践，利用中国独有的太谷核不育小麦、矮败小麦以及冬春性小麦品种在淮安地区开展冬春轮回选择育种，把轮回选择交配圃中生产的具有很高潜在育种价值的材料向全国更多地方的小麦育种单位提供，建立供种与优良材料部分返还制度，把冬春杂交、轮回选择和穿梭育种的优越性相结合，形成了一个投入小，效益高的小麦育种体系，并成功培育出了一系列小麦新品种，为提高小麦育种成效、丰富小麦育种手段开辟了新途径。总结了国内外轮回选择育种方法研究所取得的进展，并将以解决淮北地区小麦迟播、早熟、高产间矛盾；构建抗赤霉病轮回群体，创造出优异的赤霉病抗源；以轮回群体为材料诱导小麦单倍体育种；加强同国外科研单位的合作，引入国外优良种质资源，丰富群体的遗传变异；加强与矮败小麦育种体系单位的协作等方面的研究作为今后工作的重点，以期培育出适应性广、综合性状优良的小麦新品种。

Research Progress of Winter-spring Recurrent Selection Wheat Breeding Method

Huai＇ an is located in the boundary （33°33＇ N） of north-south climate in our country, days ol winter below 5℃ is over 112 days, all winter wheat varieties can vernalized safely, average temperature in January is over 0.2℃, spring wheat varieties can live through the winter safely. After years of research and practice, we carried out research on winter-spring recurrent selection wheat through Taigu genic male sterile wheat and dwarf-male sterile wheat in Huai＇ an, and formed a small investment, high efficiency of wheat breeding system through the superiority of the winter-spring wheat hybridization, recurrent selection and shuttle breeding combination, and cultivated a series of new wheat varieties, we opened a new way to improve the efficiency of wheat breeding success. We summarized the progress of recurrent selection wheat breeding in our country, we focus on solving the conflict among the late sowing, early maturity and high yield; construction of Scab Resistant recurrent selection population, create excellent Scab Resistant resources; inducing haploid breeding of wheat with recurrent selection population; strengthen cooperation with foreign research institutions, introducing foreign high-quality germplasm resources, and introducing genetic diversity of populations; and strengthen the cooperation with dwarf - male sterile wheat breeding system, so we can cultivate a series of new wheat varieties with wide adaptability, good comprehensive characters.