宁夏粳稻种质资源表型性状遗传多样性分析

为了解宁夏水稻种质资源遗传多样性水平，对宁夏60份粳稻种质资源材料的16个表型性状进行遗传多样性分析。结果表明，60份宁夏水稻种质资源材料16个表型性状间存在极显著的遗传差异，其中株高、每穗总粒数、每穗实粒数、经济系数、结实率、秆长这6个表型性状的变异幅度大，方差和标准差较高，具有较大的离散程度；每穗总粒数、每穗实粒数、着粒密度、单株穗数、单穗粒重的变异系数均在14%以上，F测验表明16个表型性状的差异都达到了极显著水平；遗传相关分析表明，不同表型性状间存在显著、极显著相关关系，有些性状间为正相关关系，而有些性状间则为负相关关系，各表型性状间呈复杂的相互关系；遗传多样性分析表明，表型遗传多样性指数变幅为1.644~2.092，平均为1.957；以卡方距离按UPGMA法聚类，在遗传相关系数为0.11处可分为8类，其中‘杨和白皮稻’、‘抚105’、‘田丰302’和‘花86’各为一类，其他引进和宁夏自育的水稻品种分别聚在第Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ、Ⅷ类，而57%的种质资源材料都聚在了第Ⅵ类，并且第Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ、Ⅶ、Ⅷ类在相似系数为0.18处可聚成一大类，亲缘关系很近。‘杨和白皮稻’是宁夏的1个地方品种，与其他种质间亲缘关系最远。研究表明，宁夏粳稻种质资源材料间遗传差异较小，遗传背景比较单一，亲缘关系较近。

Genetic Diversity of Japonica Rice Varieties in Ningxia Province by Using Phenotypic Character

In order to estimate the level of genetic diversity of Japonica rice in Ningxia,the genetic diversity of sixteen phenotypic characters of the sixty Japonica rice varieties of Ningxia Province were analyzed. The results indicated that,among the sixteen phenotypic characters of the sixty Japonica rice varieties of Ningxia Province had the significant genetic deference,and six phenotypic characters of plant height,total grains per panicl,filled grains per panicl,economic factors,seed setting rate and culm length had bigger variation range and higher vaiance and standard deviation and higher discrete degree; and the coefficient of variation of total grains per panicl,filled grains per panicl,spikelet density,panicles per plant and yield per panicl had over14%,and F test showed that the sixteen phenotypic characters had extremely significant difference; analyses of genetic correlation showed that among different phenotypic characters had significant and extremely significant correlation,and some of them had positive correlation and some of them had negative correlation,and among different phenotypic characters had complex relationship; analyses of genetic diversity indicated that phenotypic genetic diversity index ranged from 1.644 to 2.092,the average range was 1.957; using chi-squaredistance by UPGMA clustering method,on the chi-square distance of 0.11 could be classed into eight distinct classes,which the Yanghe white rice,‘Fu 105＇,‘Tianfeng 302＇and‘Hua86＇belongs to each class,other germplasms from Ningxia and other provinces had been clustered the Ⅳ,Ⅴ,Ⅵ,Ⅷ class,but 57% germplasms had been clustered the Ⅵ class,and on the chi-square distance of 0.18 the Ⅳ,Ⅴ,Ⅵ,Ⅷ class could be classed into one class,indicated that these germplasm had the close sibship. Yanghe white rice was the landrace of Ningxia and had the farthest genetic relationships than the others. The results showed that,among the Japonica rice varieties of Ningxia Province had lesser genetic difference and single genetic background and closer genetic relationship.