北疆干旱荒漠地区青贮玉米需水量与需水规律研究

为了确定北疆地区青贮玉米在生育期内不同阶段需水量与需水规律，提出青贮玉米合理的灌溉制度，为灌区规划、设计提供科学依据，避免水利工程设计偏大造成的浪费。于2010年在新疆北部阿勒泰地区，对青贮玉米采用非充分灌溉试验，通过对非充分灌溉试验数据进行分析，初步得到该区域青贮玉米需水量与需水规律。结果表明，在适宜水分条件下青贮玉米需水量为593 mm，需水量变化规律是生育前、后期需水量较少，生育盛期需水量多，需水过程线为抛物线型，耗水强度随气温的变化较为明显，耗水强度的高峰在气温最高的8月上旬。不同处理的苗期耗水模数均为各个生育阶段的最小值，除了孕穗—开花期受旱处理的耗水模数最大值为分蘖—拔节期外，其他处理的耗水模数最大值均为孕穗—开花期。充分灌溉条件下产量最大为54.5 t/hm2，不同生育阶段的不同程度缺水对最终产量的影响不同，拔节期和孕穗—开花期连续受旱时，产量最小为22.9 t/hm2。孕穗—开花期受轻旱的处理水分生产率最大，为12.42 kg/m3。在水量充足情况下，青贮玉米灌水量不超过YM8的灌水量；当灌溉水量十分紧缺时，为了保证有限的水资源得到充分利用，应该采用YM3处理模式。

Water Requirement and Its Law of Silage Corn in Northern Xinjiang Arid Desert Grassland

In order to determine the silage maize in different stages during the growth period of water demand and water requirement,put forward reasonable irrigation system of corn silage. This paper got the silage corn water requirement and water requirement law preliminary by analyzing the 2010 Aletai region silage corn irrigation experiment data. The results showed that,silage corn water requirement was 593 mm under the suitable soil moisture conditions,water requirement law was early and late take less water,fertility period needs much more water,which was parabola. Water consumption intensity was changing with temperature obviously. Water consumption coefficient of seedling stage was minimum value in all stages,but maximum value appeared at booting-blossom period except booting-blossom period drought treatment appeared at tillering and jointing stage. Yield maximum was 54.5 t/hm2under full irrigation,and the minimum was22.9 t/hm2of the elongation stage and booting-blossom period drought. Booting-blossom period under light drought treatment got maximum moisture productivity,which was 12.42 kg/m3. In the case of sufficient water,irrigation amount of silage corn irrigation amount wasn＇t exceeding YM8; but when the irrigation water was very scarce,in order to ensure that the limited water resources were fully utilized,should use the YM3 mode.