漳州市果园剖面土壤氮磷有效性研究

为了果园能更加合理的施肥，采用田间调查与室内分析相结合的办法，对漳州地区主要水果品种的果园剖面土壤营养及其结构进行研究。结果表明：各剖面土壤有机质含量的层次性十分明显，都大于对照相同层次土壤有机质含量。不同种类果园剖面不同层次土壤，其有机质差异很大。表层(0~20 cm)和亚表层(20~40 cm)，基本表现为龙眼、荔枝园土壤有机质普遍处于比较低水平，而柚园、香蕉园、芦柑、枇杷园土壤有机质水平，处于较高水平。果园土壤可溶磷含量层次性很明显，表现出随着土壤剖面层次的加深而下降，除荔枝园和种质资源圃外，其他果园表层及亚表层土壤可溶磷含量都较高。龙眼园、荔枝园土壤有效磷含量处于低水平，而柚园、香蕉园、芦柑园、枇杷园土壤有效磷含量处于高水平。通过土壤管理或施肥，提高果园土壤碱解氮水平，大部分果园都处于极高状态或高水平；果园剖面各层次土壤N/P值明显低于对照剖面土壤，0.08~0.28倍于对照剖面土壤N/P值。不同剖面，其表层、亚表层土壤N/P值普遍小于中下层土壤。通过耕作、施肥等管理，降低了土壤N/P值。

Study on the Nitrogen and Phosphorus Efficiency of Orchards Soil Profile in Zhangzhou

In order to fertilize more reasonable in the orchard, study on the soil nutrition and its structure of soil profile in the main tropical fruits orchard in Zhangzhou by the method of the field investigation and indoor analysis. The results showed that: the layers of organic matter content on different soil profile were very obvious. The content was more than that of the control. The organic matter content on different soil layers of orchards profile was great difference. On the surface layer (0-20 cm) and subsurface (20-40 cm), the organic matter content was mostly in a low level in the longan and litchi orchard, but in a higher level in the pomelo, banana, citrus and loquat orchard. The layers of soluble phosphorus content of orchard soil were very obvious, which decreased with the deepening of the level of the soil profile. In addition to litchi orchard and germplasm nursery, the content of soluble phosphorus was higher on the other orchard surface and subsurface soil. The content of available phosphorus was in a low level in the longan and litchi orchard, but in a higher level in the pomelo, banana, citrus and loquat orchard. Soil management and fertilization could increase the content of alkaline hydrolytic nitrogen, which was in a very high state or a high level in most of the orchards. N/P ratio of soil in each profile layer was significantly lower than that of the control, and 0.08-0.28 times than control. To different profiles, the N/P ratio of surface and subsurface soil was generally less than that of subsoil. Tillage and fertilizer management could reduce soil N/P ratio.