盐池县典型草原蝗虫发生与植被群落的关系

草原蝗虫生态分布特征及其与环境因子的关系研究, 是揭示蝗虫地理发生规律的理论基础。以宁夏盐池县典型草原区为例, 采用野外调查和定量分析方法, 研究了不同草地蝗虫组成及其与植被群落的关系。结果表明, 麻黄山典型草原区蝗虫种类有24种, 主要种类为短星翅蝗(Epacromius coerulipes)、亚洲小车蝗(Oedaleus asiaticus)、赤翅皱膝蝗(Angaracris rhodopa)、白纹雏蝗(Chorthippus albonemus)、裴氏短鼻蝗(Filchnerella beicki)等。蝗虫总个体数、群落丰富度、群落多样性与植被群落多样性、生物量、盖度呈正相关, 与植被群落均匀度、草层高度呈负相关。蝗虫总个体数、群落丰富度、群落多样性与禾本科优势度、菊科优势度呈负相关, 与豆科优势度和其他科优势度呈正相关。从优势种与植被群落相关性来看, 白纹雏蝗、亚洲小车蝗、赤翅皱膝蝗对禾本科牧草选择性最强, 裴氏短鼻蝗、短星翅蝗对菊科牧草选择性最强。

Relationship between grasshopper outbreak and plant community in typical grassland of Yanchi in Ningxia

The relationship between ecological distribution of grasshopper and environmental factors is theoretical basis to reveal geographic occurrence of grasshopper. The relationship between grasshopper population composition and vegetation community was studied using field investigation and quantitative analysis in typical steppe of Yanchi in Ningxia. The results showed that there were 24 different species of grasshoppers in typical steppe of Mahuangshan Mountain and the dominant species were Calliptamus barbarus, Oedaleus asiaticus, Angaracris rhodopa, Bryodema nigroptera, Bryodemella tuberculatum, C.abbreviates, Compsorhipis davidiana, Chort hippus dubius, C.albonemus. The numbers of individuals and richness and diversity of species had positive correlation with the diversity, biomass and coverage of vegetation and had negative correlation with the evenness and height of vegetation. The numbers of individuals, and richness and diversity of species had negative correlation with the dominance of the families of Gramineae and Compositae and had positive correlation with the dominance of the families of Leguminosae and others. O.asiaticus, A.rhodopa and C.albonemus performed best in terms of selectivity for grass forages and E.coerulipes and F.beicki performed best for composite forages based on the correlation between dominant species and vegetation community. C.albonemus, F.beicki and E.coerulipes preferred to the poor vegetation conditions, while A.rhodopa preferred to the good vegetation conditions.