温度和水分对箭筈豌豆幼苗生长的影响

试验研究了温度和土壤水分交互效应对兰箭2号箭筈豌豆(Vicia sativa ‘lanjian No.2’)幼苗生长的影响,确定了其苗期适宜生长温度和需水状况。设定5个土壤含水量(90% FMC、80% FMC、70% FMC、60% FMC、50% FMC,FMC为田间最大持水量),4个生长温度(10、15、20、25 ℃),共20个处理。结果表明,箭筈豌豆在苗期受温度和水分影响作用显著, 80% FMC和90% FMC水分条件均不利于箭筈豌豆幼苗生长,与70% FMC相比,80% FMC和90% FMC时,在10、15、20和25 ℃条件下,箭筈豌豆出苗率和总生物量干质量均显著下降(P0.05)。70% FMC水分条件和20 ℃时箭筈豌豆幼苗生长发育最好,其出苗率最高(96.87%),总生物量干质量最大(3.083 3 g),与其他各处理间差异显著(P0.05)。因此,幼苗出土后,土壤含水量保持在50% FMC～70% FMC,外界环境温度控制在15～20 ℃,对箭筈豌豆幼苗生长最有利。

Effects of temperature and soil moisture on seedling growth of Vicia sativa

The interaction effects of temperature and soil moisture on seedling growth of Vicia sativa were studied using the pot experiment to determine the optimum temperature and soil moisture at seedling stage. There were total 20 treatments including five soil moisture contents (50% FMC, 60% FMC, 70% FMC, 80% FMC, and 90% FMC, FMC means field maximum capacity) and four temperatures (10, 15, 20 and 25 ℃). At seedling stage, V.sativa was greatly affected by temperature and soil moisture. Under all of the four temperatures, 80% FMC and 90% FMC soil moisture content were not beneficial for seedling growth of V.sativa because both the germination rate and the dry weight of total biomass of 80% FMC and 90% FMC decreased significantly (P0.05) compared with the 70% FMC soil moisture content. Under 70% FMC soil moisture content and 20 ℃ treatment, V.sativa performed best which had the highest germination rate of 96.87% and the highest total bimass of 3.0833 g and showed significant difference (P0.05) with every other treatment. It suggested that the growth conditions of moisture content between 50% FMC and 70% FMC and temperature at 15～20 ℃ were optimum for V.sativa seedling.