豆科植物低磷胁迫的适应机制

磷是植物生长和发育所必需的一种重要营养元素, 它参与植物体内多种生化过程, 包括脂类代谢、核酸和细胞膜的生物合成等。土壤中有效磷含量很低, 成为阻碍豆科植物生长的因素。长期的低磷胁迫促使豆科植物形态学、生理生化、分子生物学等方面的机制得以进化来适应低磷胁迫环境。这些适应性机制对优化农艺措施、节约资源、保护环境以及提高豆科植物对磷有效利用的生物技术发展起着重要作用。豆科植物如何适应低磷胁迫环境和高效吸收利用土壤中有限的有效磷已经成为当前的研究热点。本文综述了豆科植物在受到磷胁迫时的根系形态学、生理生化和分子生物学等方面适应机制研究所取得的进展及存在的问题, 为豆科植物在低磷研究中的品种改良和农业生产中的磷高效利用提供一定的理论依据。

Adaptation mechanisms of legume to phosphorus deficiency

Phosphorus is one of the most important mineral nutrients. It is essential for plant growth and development involved in various biochemical processes, such as lipid metabolism and the biosynthesis of nucleic acids and cell membranes. However, low soil available phosphorus content has become a limited factor to the growth of legume. Long-term phosphorus deficiency stress promoted legume’s adaptations and evolution in their mechanisms of morphological, physiological, molecular biological and so on. Understanding these adaptive mechanisms developed by legume will play a critical role in agronomic practices optimization, resource conservation and environmental protection as well as the development of biotechnological strategies which aim to improve the availability of phosphorus for legume. Legume adaptations to low phosphorus stress environment and efficient absorption limited effective phosphorus in soil have become research focus in the current. In the present study, progresses and problems in aspects of adaptation mechanisms on root morphological, physiological, biochemical and molecular biological under phosphorus deficiency stress were reviewed to provide theoretical foundations for varieties improvement during phosphorus deficiency and efficient utilization of phosphorus in agricultural production.