我国天然草原虫害危害现状与成因分析

我国天然草原上害虫发生严重,近10年年均危害面积2 099万hm2,每年因灾造成的牧草鲜草损失高达94.5亿kg,对我国畜牧业生产造成严重破坏。近10年来,国家不断加大防控力度,草原虫害蔓延的趋势得到一定程度的遏制,危害面积呈明显的下降趋势。与2003年相比,2012年危害面积下降了34.7%。其中,草原蝗虫危害减轻趋势明显;草原毛虫呈现增加趋势,但自2008年以来有下降趋势;其他害虫危害呈下降趋势。经分析指出,防治面积偏低、监测预警能力弱以及科技支撑能力不强是造成虫害偏重发生的主要因素,针对分析结果对进一步做好草原虫害防控工作提出了建议。

Current situation and cause analysis of grassland pests on grassland in China

The pest insects seriously occur in natural grassland, which caused serious damage to the animal husbandry in China. During the past ten years from 2003 to 2012, the damage grassland of annual averaged 20.99 million hectares and the pasture lost annual averaged 9.45 billion kg by the pest insects. The pest insects damage in natural grassland reduced gradually by disaster prevention and control measures organized by the ministry of agriculture of China. Compared with 2003, the damaged area of pest insects decreased by 34.7% in 2012. Grasshoppers’ damage significantly decreased and the other pest insect’ damage decreased except with that grassland caterpillars’ damage decreased since 2008 although its damage increased from 2003. The main reasons which lead to the heave pest damage included less annual prevention area, weakly monitor and warming and less support in science and technology. Some suggestions on how to effectively control the pest insects were also put forward in this paper.