秸秆还田稻茬麦不同播种方式比较——以安徽省宣城市为例

[目的]筛选安徽省宣城市秸秆还田下稻茬麦适宜播种方式。[方法]2014~2015年,在宣州区青草湖农场开展秸秆还田稻茬麦不同播种方式大田对比试验。秸秆还田播种方式设3个处理和1个对照:割前撒播(1)、小旋条播(2)、先撒后旋(3)、撸草撒播(CK),不设重复。分别考察茎蘖苗数、有效穗数、每穗粒数和千粒重,收获时测实产,计算收益。[结果]秸秆还田后割前撒播处理的实收产量为5 476.50 kg/hm2,净收益为5 667元/hm2;小旋条播处理的实收产量为5 253.00 kg/hm2,净收益为4 593元/hm2;先撒后旋处理的实收产量为4 858.50 kg/hm2,净收益为3 757元/hm2,均少于对照的实收产量和净收益。[结论]可根据前茬作物选择播种方式为割前撒播或机条播。一般迟熟粳稻茬选择割前撒播,增产措施是适宜播量;籼稻茬选择小旋条播,增产措施是选择适宜机具、控制播种深度、适量施肥。

Comparison of Different Sowing Method of Wheat after Rice under Straw Returning to Field-Taking Xuancheng City,Anhui Province as an Example

[Objective] To screen appropriate sowing method of wheat after rice under straw returning to field.[Method] The field contrast test of different sowing method of wheat after rice under straw returning to field was conducted at Qingeaohu farm,Xuanzhou district from 2014 to 2015.Three treatments and one control were compared with no repeat:broadcast sowing before cutting (①),rotary tillage and drilling (②),first broadcast sowing and then rotary tillage(③),strip grass and then broadcast sowing(CK).Stem tiller number,effective spikelet number,grain number per spikelet,1 000-grain weight were investigated respectively.To measure the production when harvest,and then calculate the benefit.[Result] The production of ① was 5 476.50 kg per hectare,net income was 5 667 yuan per hectare.The production of ② was 5 253.00 kg per hectare,net income was 4 593 yuan per hectare.The production of ③ was 4 858.50 kg per hectare,net income was 3 757 yuan per hectare.The production and income of three treatments were less than control.[Conclusion] We can choose broadcast sowing before cutting or mechanical drill ing according to the preceding crop.Generally,broadcast sowing before cutting is chosen for late ripe Japonica rice, measure to increase crop yields includes suitable planting quantity.Rotary tillage and drilling is chosen for Indica rice,measures to increase crop yields include selecting appropriate tools,controlling sowing depth and moderate fertilizing.