九种杀菌剂对苹果炭疽病菌和黄瓜灰霉病菌的抑菌效果研究

植物病害严重影响国家粮食安全，而杀菌剂的使用对保障粮食的充分供应以及国家安全稳定具有重要的意义。本项目从田间发病叶片中分别分离得到苹果炭疽病菌和黄瓜灰霉病菌，并借助于形态学观察和分子生物学手段进行鉴定。随后，测试了九种常见杀菌剂对苹果炭疽病菌和黄瓜灰霉病菌的抑菌效果，选取初筛抑制率高的杀菌剂进一步测试EC50值。结果表明，抑制复合体III细胞色素bc1氧化酶的甲氧基丙烯酸酯类杀菌剂吡唑醚菌酯可有效防治苹果炭疽病菌，抑制甾醇生物合成脱甲基化酶的三唑类杀菌剂戊唑醇可有效防治黄瓜灰霉病菌，以上结果对田间病害防治具有重要的理论指导意义。

Fungicidal Activity of Nine Fungicides Against Colletotrichum aenigma and Botrytis cinerea

Plant diseases seriously affect national food security, and the use of fungicides is of great significance to ensure adequate food supply and national security and stability. In this project, Colletotrichum aenigma and Botrytis cinerea were isolated respectively from diseased leaves in the field, and identified by means of morphological observation and molecular biology. Subsequently, the fungicidal activity of nine common fungicides against Colletotrichum aenigma and Botrytis cinerea were investigated, of which the fungicides with high inhibition rates were selected to further evaluate the EC50 values. The results showed that pyraclostrobin, a methoxyacrylate fungicide that inhibits complex III cytochrome bc1 oxidase, can effectively control Colletotrichum aenigma, and tebuconazole, a triazole fungicide that inhibits demethylase in sterol biosynthesis, can effectively control Botrytis cinerea. The above results will provide the important theoretical guidance for field disease control.