贺兰山蓝马鸡春夏季对栖息地的选择

2008年4～8月,在贺兰山利用痕迹检验法和直接观察法对蓝马鸡春夏季的栖息地选择进行研究。通过在选定的15条沟段里进行调查,春夏季分别测定了135个和126个样方的16种生态因子。结果表明,春夏季贺兰山蓝马鸡在优势乔木、灌木密度、灌木高度、灌木距离、坡向、坡位、海拔高度、人为干扰距离和隐蔽级上差异极显著（P〈0.01）,而其余生态因子无显著差异（P〉0.05）,相对于春季生境而言,贺兰山蓝马鸡夏季更偏爱选择灌木密度小、高度低、距离近,海拔较高,人为干扰距离较远,隐蔽程度较高的栖息地。典则系数显示春夏季蓝马鸡的栖息地选择存在一定的重叠和分离,Wilk＇sλ值显示春夏季蓝马鸡的生境选择具有较高的差异性（Wilk＇sλ=0.692,x~2=121.769,df=12,P〈0.001）。逐步判别分析表明在区分春夏季蓝马鸡栖息地选择方面有一系列生态因子发挥作用,依照贡献值的大小依次为海拔高度、人为干扰距离、灌木高度、隐蔽级、灌木密度和乔木高度,由这6个变量构成的方程对春夏季蓝马鸡生境的正确区分率达到84.6%,其中对春季的误判率为15.4%,对夏季的误判率为17.2%。

Habitat Selection in Spring and Summer of Blue-eared Pheasant in Helan Mountain National Nature Reserve

Habitat selection of blue - eared pheasants （ Cossoptilon auritum ） in spring and summer was surveyed in April to August, 2008, in Helan Mountain National Nature Reserve. 16 ecological factors were studied on 135 sample quadrates in spring and 126 quadrates in summer along 15 mountain valleys and among these factors, dominant trees, density and height of shrubs, distances between shrubs, orientation and location of slopes, distances from haman disturbance and cover degree showed significant difference （ P 〈 0.01 ）, remaining factors were not significant; in summer, the bird selected habitats with shrubs of low density, low height and with short distances, high altitude, distant from human disturbance and with good cover. Canonical scores indicated that, between habitats, selected in spring and summer, existed overlapping and separation to some extant; Wilk ＇ s lambda = 0.692, x^2 = 121.769, dr= 12, P 〈 0.001, showing highly significant difference. Stepwise discrimination model showed that the effect of ecological factors was in following order： degree of altitude, distance from human disturbance, height of shrubs and tree height ; discriminate rate of the formula constructed with these factors amounted to 84.6%, discrimination rate of habitats by the crane was 15.4% in spring and 17.2% in summer.