披碱草和野大麦杂种F1及BC1代育性研究

本文对披碱草(Elymus dahuricus Turcz.)和野大麦(Hordeum brevisubulatum Link)杂种F1及BG代的花粉可育率和结实率进行了测定。结果表明，亲本披碱草和野大麦的花粉可育率较高，分别为87．1％和89．2％，开放授粉的自然结实率分别为39．4％和34．8％。正、反交杂种F1代高度不育，花粉可育率分别为2．2％和1．1％，在开放授粉情况下均不结实。BC1代的花粉可育率和结实性有不同程度的恢复和提高。各株系间的花粉可育率和结实率有较大的变异，有的株系花粉可育率和结实率仍很低，花粉可育率只有0．3％。开放授粉不结实；有的株系花粉可育率和结实率较FI代有大幅度的提高，花粉可育率可达74．9％，自然结实率可达14．6％。回交是克服杂种F1不育的有效途径。

STUDY ON THE FERTILITY OF Elymus dahuricus, Hordeum brevisubulatum AND THEIR HYBRID F1 AND BC1

The pollen fertility rates and seed sets of Elymus dahuricus, Hordeum brevisubulatum and their hybrid F_1 and BC_1 were determined. The results showed that the pollen fertility rates of Elymus dahuricus and Hordeum brevisubulatum were 87.1% and 89.2% respectively, the seed sets were 39.4% and 34.8% respectively. The hybrid F_1 was highly infertile. The fertilities of BC_1 were enhanced in different degree, the pollen fertility rates and seed sets were varied among BC_1 lines;the pollen fertility rates and seed sets of some BC_1 lines were still low, the pollen fertility rate was only 0.3% and seed set was 0; the pollen fertility rates and seed sets of some BC_1 lines were high, the pollen fertility rate reached to 74.9%, seed set reached to 14.6%, which indicated that backcross is an effective way to restore fertility to wide cross hybrid F_1.