合成六倍体小麦与其亲本在合成后小麦A/B染色体组微卫星位点的比较

构建人工合成六倍体小麦是利用小麦近缘材料优异基因的很有效的方法。但是目前在人工合成异源六倍小麦的过程中对微卫星位点的影响研究尚不完善。本研究直接比较了亲本四倍体小麦PS5与4个不同粗山羊草进行远缘杂交并经染色体自然加倍后获得4个人工合成六倍体小麦前后,位于普通小麦A/B染色体组不同染色体臂上的104对引物的变化。结果表明,104对微卫星引物的扩增产物在4个合成六倍体小麦中具有与普通小麦相同的带型;但在22对引物的扩增产物上存在差异,其中Am4与其它3个六倍体小麦Am1,Am2,Am3在15对引物扩增的条带存在差异;另外发现有45对特异与AB染色体的引物能够在粗山羊草中扩增出产物,其中特异于B染色体组的引物47.54%的可以在粗山羊草中扩增出产物,而A染色体组的引物占38.24%。因此,基于普通小麦开发的微卫星引物可以用于合成六倍体小麦的研究,而Am4材料与其它3个合成二倍体小麦的差异尚需进一步研究,另外我们推测普通小麦的B染色体组与A染色体组相比与粗山羊草存在较近的亲缘关系。

Comparison of Synthetic Hexaploid Wheat with Its Parent on Microsattelite Loci of A/B Chromosomes

Synthetic amphiploids play an important role in introducing commercially important features of related species into cultivated wheat is now well documented.However,the researches about the evolution of microsatellites loci during the polyploidization of hexaploid wheat are still very limited.In this study,we compared 104 pairs of microsatellite loci specific to A/B genome among newly 4 synthesized hexaploid wheat,the donor tetraploid wheat PS5 and 4 different Aegilops tauschii.The results showed that most microsattelite loci were conserved during the polyploidization of newly synthetic hexaploid wheat,from Triticum carthlicum and A.Tauschii;There 22 pairs of primers showed the different amplification bands among the 4 synthetic hexaploid wheat,among the 22 pairs of primers 15 showed Am4 was different with other 3 wheats;We also found that the A.Tauschii could be amplified with 45 pairs of primers,of which about 47.54% of B chromosome and 38.24 of A chromosome.So the primers developmented from bread wheat could also be used to the synthetic amphiploids wheat,the different between Am4 and other 3 wheats is still need further discusse;Besides,we also suggests that the B chromosome is related to A.Tauschii compared with A chromosome.