不同熟期大豆品种花荚形成和时空分布

以不同熟期大豆品种早(垦18)、中(黑农41)、晚(吉育60)熟3个亚有限型品种为试材,对其开花和成荚进程以及在主茎上的垂直分布等进行了比较.结果表明:不同品种的始花期、单节花数、单节成荚数、结荚期差异不大;花期、总花荚期、开花和结荚节数、花荚重叠期、单株花数和成荚数差异大;吉育60结荚期后移18～20 d,各节成荚期变化平稳,垦18和黑农41主茎各节的成荚期自下而上明显缩短;吉育60中、上部节花多,成荚数多,荚同时伸长节数多;吉育60中、上部节荚伸长的同步性较差.吉育60花期长,开花节数多,单株总花数多;总花荚期长,花荚重叠期短;结荚期后移,成荚节数多,成荚速度快是其单株成荚数多于垦18和黑农41的主要原因.

Formation of Flower and Pod and Space-time Distribution of Soybean Varieties in Different Maturation Periods

This study takes soybean varieties in different maturation periods as test materials,such as premature variety(Ken 18),medium-mature one(Heinong 41),late mature one(Jiyu 60) and three sub-varieties of finite types.It compared one variety’s processes of flowering and podding on the main stem in the vertical distribution with another’s.The results showed that there were no great differences among initial flowering period,flower number on single node,podding number on single node of different soybean varieties;There were no great differences among flowering period,total flower-podding period,blossom and podding number,overlapping period of flower and pod,flower number on single plant and podding number in maturation period;Jiyu 60 podding moved back for 18-20 days;each section in pod period changes smoothly;main stem node of Ken 18 and Heinong 41 in the podding period were shortened from bottom to top;Jiyu 60’s middle and upper node had many flower numbers,so did its number of pods and elongate node number;Jiyu 60 middle and upper node pod elongation’s synchronism were poor.Jiyu 60 had long florescence,more blossom nodes more total flower number on single plant,long total flowering podding period,and the flower and pod overlapping periods were short.The podding period moved back,there were many podding nodes,the speed of bearing pod is fast,which is the main reason why there were more podding number on single plant than on Ken 18 and Heinong 41.