控释肥对基质栽培番茄产量、品质及养分利用率的影响

【目的】研究控释肥不同用量对基质栽培番茄产量、品质及养分利用率的影响,确定其适宜的控释肥施用量.【方法】采用基质槽栽培方式,试验处理包括:不施肥处理(CK)、常规施肥处理(CF)、控释肥处理(CRF与CF总养分量相同)、N减量20%控释肥处理(CRF20)、N减量40%控释肥处理(CRF40)及N减量60%控释肥处理(CRF60).【结果】与CF相比,CRF20、CRF40的番茄各生育期的叶片净光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度显著增大,胞间CO2浓度显著减小;CRF20、CRF40较CF氮、磷、钾的利用率分别提高10.1%、15.4%,9.7%、12.5%和6.1%、10.0%,氮、磷、钾的积累量分别增加24.62%、27.09%,44.84%、57.84%和12.31%、20.21%,分别增产10.68%、36.03%;CRF40可显著提高可溶性糖含量,降低硝酸盐和有机酸含量.【结论】以控释肥替代尿素,在施N量减少40%的情况下在获得最高产量的同时,显著地改善了番茄品质.

Effects of controlled-release fertilizers on yield,quality and nutrient use efficiency of tomato under substrate culture

Objective] The experiment was to investigate the effects of different amount of controlled fertilizer on the yield,quality and nutrient use efficiency of tomato cultivated in substrate and determine the suitable application rate.Method] Tomato was planted in substrate groove,designing six fertilizer treatments,including treatment I (No N fertilizer,CK),treatment II (fertilizing chemical fertilizer,CF),treatment III (CRF,with the same the nutrient content as CF),treatment IV (CRF20,controlled-release fertilization reduced by 20% of nitrogen),treatment V(CRF40,controlled-release fertilization reduced by 40% of nitrogen),treatment VI (CRF60,controlled-release fertilization reduced by 60% of nitrogen).Result] Compared with CF,the leaf net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate and stomatal conductance of CRF20 and CRF40 increased significantly,intercellular CO2 concentration decreased markedly,nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium use efficiency improved by 10.1%,15.4%%,9.7%,12.5% and 6.1%,10.0%,nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium uptake increased by 24.62%,27.09%,44.84%,57.84% and 12.31%,20.21% and the yield increased by 10.68% and 36.03%.CRF40 treatment significantly increased the soluble sugar content,decreased the content of organic acid and nitrate.Conclusion] It was suggested that the application of controlled-release fertilizer reduced by 40% of nitrogen could ensure high yield and improve the quality of tomato.