利用蒸汽爆破法破壁花粉的技术

以开发花粉破壁的产业化技术为目标，研究了花粉蒸汽爆破技术。通过工艺优化，确定了花粉蒸汽爆破的工艺条件：首先，用0.05 mol/L的柠檬酸液调制40%的花粉浆并用匀浆机搅拌均匀；其次，将花粉浆放入物料室，用0.4 MPa的蒸汽加热至饱和蒸汽压为0.15 MPa并保持11 s；最后，关闭高压蒸汽，打开料液出口阀门，花粉液再喷出，在压力差和温度差的作用下发生爆破。破壁后，花粉营养物质的溶出率超过86%，维生素A、维生素C和粗脂肪量显著增加，细菌总数、大肠杆菌和霉菌总数显著减少；破壁率、A280值及营养物质溶出率在工艺放大过程中无显著差异。新建立的花粉蒸汽爆破技术可高效、安全地破壁花粉，该技术工艺稳定性好、花粉浆浓度高、容易放大，具有良好的产业化应用 前景。

Technique of disrupting pollen wall by using steam explosion

Aiming to develop an industrial method for disrupting pollen, steam-explosion technique was studied. The optimal procedure was composed of the following steps. First, dry pollen was mixed with 0.05 mol/L of citrus acid solution to 40% concentration and homogenized by a constitution agitator. Then, the pollen paste was put into the material chamber, and heated to 0.15 MPa with 0.4 MPa supersaturated steam for 11 s. After the steam valve was closed and the material discharge valve was opened, the pollen paste was sprayed out of the material chamber, and pollen cells were exposed due to the variety of pressure and temperature. Treated by the procedure, 86% of pollen content was spread out, which caused amount increases of vitamin A, vitamin C and cruel lipids. Additional it also caused the decreases of total bacterial count and total coliform group. Furthermore, the results of amplified process showed no significant changes in pollen wall broken rate, A280 and nutrition extraction rate. The newly developed process for disrupting pollen is of high efficiency, high safety, high stability, and easy to be amplified. It has good application prospect.